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==Class Overview==
=={{Bilingual|概要|Class Overview}}==


The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes phosphosphingolipid and glycosphingolipid.
The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes phosphosphingolipid and glycosphingolipid.

Revision as of 07:59, 15 March 2016

Sphingolipid


Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes phosphosphingolipid and glycosphingolipid.

Sphingolipid Overview

Phosphosphingolipid
(including GIPC)
LBSPP.png
スフィンゴリン脂質 (GIPC含む)

Glycosphingolipid
LBSnn.png
スフィンゴ糖脂質

Sphingosine & Ceramide

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure. The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. Sphingolipids consist of phospho-sphingolipids and glyco-sphingolipids, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (poly)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipids include sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids include cerebrosides and gangliosides. They are abundant in neural tissues.

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。



Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). (more details)

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含みます。(詳細はこちら

Sphingolipid スフィンゴ脂質

Notation

Page/ID-Code Design

Major series in this database are determined by phosphate-bound molecules or sugars for phosphosphingolipids, and by polysaccharide chains bound to ceramides for glycosphingolipids. The IUPAC series for glycosphingolipids (1977) are based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars, but our series are based on three sugars for a wider coverage. Two original series, Echino and Plathy, are also included.

スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACにより提唱されたスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしていますが、ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。またIUPACには無いEchinoとPlathyの系列を加えています。

L B S G/P s1 s2 n1 n2 y c1 c2
 
G/P G (glyco) P (phospho)
s1, s2 structure code as explained below
n1, n2 number of sugars (2 digits)
y number of sialic acids (1 digit)
c1, c2 serial numbers

First (s1) Code for Glycosphingolipid

First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
Cerebroside For GalCer and GlcCer, visit this page.
starting with
Galactose
LBSG1|G1
(LBSG1.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|79 items)
Gal-Cer
Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer|Gala Galα1-4/6Galβ1-Cer
Mainchain.*Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer|Spirometo Galβ1-4Glcβ1-3Galβ1-Cer
starting with
Glucose
LBSG2|G2
(LBSG2.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|88 items)
GalNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Ganglio GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoganglio[1] GalNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Structure.*GlcNAcb1-3\(.*GalNAcb1-4\)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lactoganglio GlcNAcβ1-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|a-series (NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|b-series (NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|c-series (NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|α-series (NeuAcα2-6)GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|β-series (NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-6)GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG3|G3
(LBSG3.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|173 items)
GlcNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
Mainchain.*Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lacto Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Neolacto[2] Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG4|G4
(LBSG4.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|55 items)
Galα-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
Mainchain.*Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Globo Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Mainchain.*Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoglobo[1] Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG5|G5
(LBSG5.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|113 items)
Gal-Glc-Cer
(Other than G2∼G4)
Mainchain.*Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Muco Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG6|G6
(LBSG6.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|68 items)
Man-Glcβ-Cer
Mainchain.*GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Arthro GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Mollu Manα1-3Manβ1-4Glcb1.Cer
LBSG7|G7
(LBSG7.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|21 items)
NeuAc/NeuGc-Glcβ-Cer
Mainchain.*Neu(A~G)c.2-6Glcb1-Cer|Echino NeuGc or NeuAcα2-6Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG8|G8
(LBSG8.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|12 items)
GalNAc-Glc-Cer
Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer|Plathy GalNAcβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
starting with
Other Sugars
LBSG(A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~J~K~M~N~O~P~Q~R)|G(AR) Symbols follow the Sugar-digit table.
First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
No Sugar Attached P1 (LBSP) R-P-Cer Sphingomyelin and Phosphoetanolamine-ceramide
(Visit this page.)
starting with
Inositol
LBSP2|P2
(29 items)
GlcNα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
Mainchain.*GlcN.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Protozoa & Fungi-specific GlcNα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer
LBSP3|P3
(10 items)
GlcAα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
Mainchain.*GlcA.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Plant-specific GlcAα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer
LBSP4|P4
(52 items)
Manα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
Mainchain.*Man.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Fungi-specific Manα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer
LBSP5|P5
(21 items)
Others Ins1-P-Cer
  1. 1.0 1.1 "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.
  2. "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.

Second (s2) Code for subsequent sugars

For abbreviations, see #Notation.

Code Structure
A Glc LBS-Monomer-Glc.png
B Gal LBS-Monomer-Gal.png
C GlcNAc LBS-Monomer-GlcNAc.png
D GalNAc LBS-Monomer-GalNAc.png
E GlcN LBS-Monomer-GlcN.png
F GalN LBS-Monomer-GalN.png
G GlcA LBS-Monomer-GlcA.png
H GalA LBS-Monomer-GalA.png
I not used
Code Structure
J Structure.*Man|Mannose LBS-Monomer-Man.png
K Structure.*Rha|Rhamnose LBS-Monomer-Rha.png
L %53%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%2e%2A%49%6e%73%28%4d%65%29%3F%2d%50%2d%5B%5E%43%65%72%5D|Inositol
M Fucose (%53%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%46%75%63%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%24| 1, %53%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%28%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%46%75%63%29%7B%32%7D%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%24|2, %53%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%28%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%46%75%63%29%7B%33}|>3) LBS-Monomer-Fuc.png
N Structure.*Ara|Arabinose LBS-Monomer-Ara.png
O Structure.*Xyl|Xylose LBS-Monomer-Xyl.png
P Structure.*(NeuAc~NeuNH)|NeuAc / NeuNH LBS-Monomer-NeuAc.png
Q Structure.*(NeuGc)|NeuGc LBS-Monomer-NeuGc.png
R Structure.*(KDN)|Kdn LBS-Monomer-KDN.png
Code Structure
S Structure.*(Phospho)|Phosphate (except GIPC) LBS-Monomer-P.png
T Structure.*(AEPn)|(M)AEPn, Structure.*(EtnP)|EtnP, Structure.*(PC)|PC LBS-Monomer-AEPn.png
U Structure.*Sulfo|Sulfate LBS-Monomer-S.png
V acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain LBS-Monomer-Alkyl.png


Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.