Category:LBSG: Difference between revisions
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Ganglioside is a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acid. Major structures include ganglio, lacto, and neolacto series. In mammalian brains, ganglioside contains primarily stearic acid. | Ganglioside is a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acid. Major structures include ganglio, lacto, and neolacto series. In mammalian brains, ganglioside contains primarily d20:1 long chain base and stearic acid (18:0, about 80%) and does not include hydroxy fatty acids. | ||
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酸性糖であるシアル酸を含む糖脂質をガングリオシドと呼ぶ。主要系列にガングリオ、ラクト、ネオラクト等を含む。哺乳類の脳では基本的にd20:1の長鎖塩基とステアリン酸(18:0)で構成され、酸化脂質は含まない。 | |||
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===Svennerholm Notation=== | |||
{{Twocolumn| | |||
Each alpha-numeric digit stands for the number of sialic acids or sugars. | |||
| | |||
各桁の数字やアルファベットはシアル酸の数や糖の数を意味する。 | |||
}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!{{Bilingual|意味される数|Indicated number}} || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 | |||
|- | |||
! Number of sialic acids | |||
| GM || GD || GT || GQ | |||
|- | |||
! Number of sugars | |||
| tetraose (4) || triose (3) || lactose (2) || galactose (1) | |||
|- | |||
! Sialic acids attached to the second Gal | |||
| a || b || c || - | |||
|} | |||
;Examples | |||
: GQ1b ... Four sialic acids, four sugars, two sialic acids attached to the 2nd galactose | |||
: GM2 ... Two sialic acids, three sugars. | |||
{{:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis/Ganglioside}} | |||
==Sulfatide== | ==Sulfatide== | ||
Revision as of 09:25, 2 December 2015
Sialic acid
Sialic acid is a collective noun and comprises a family of derivatives of neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid)[1]. Originally Gunnar Blix found a novel acidic aminosugars from salivary gland mucin in 1936 and later named it sialic acid (1938)[2]. (Dried salivary mucin contains 2% sialic acid.) On the other hand, Ernst Klenk identified "Substanz X" from the brain (neuro) of Tay-Sach's disease patient (1935) and later identified a polyhydroxyamino carboxylic acid, and called it neuraminic acid (1941). Both substances are then found identical, and the correct structure was postulated by Alfred Gottshalk in 1945. Almost at the same time, Tamio Yamakawa and Sakaru Suzuki identified a novel ganglioside from horse erythrocyte stroma and named it hematoside (1951), now called GM3. Nowadays, there are over 30 derivatives of neuraminic acid, including N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc), N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (NeuGc), deamino neuraminic acid (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid), all collectively called sialic acids. |
シアル酸は、ノイラミン酸（5-アミノ-3,5-ジデオキシ-D-グリセロ-D-ガラクト-ノヌロン酸）に由来する物質の総称である。もともとはGunnar Blixが1936年に唾液(sialo)のムチンから新規の酸性アミノ糖を見つけ、後にこれをシアル酸と名づけた(1938)。一方、Ernst Klenkはテイサックス病患者の脳から「物質X」を見つけ (1935)、後に加水分解によって水酸化アミノカルボン酸であるノイラミン酸を抽出した。両者は同一物質であることがわかり、Alfred Gottshalkが1945年に正しい構造を提出した。Klenkとほぼ同時代に山川民夫と鈴木旺は馬の赤血球からヘキソースアミンを含まないガングリオシドを抽出し、1951年ヘマトシドと名付けた（現在のGM3）[3]。 現在、ノイラミン酸にはN-アセチルノイラミン酸 (NeuAc)、N-グリコリルノイラミン酸 (NeuGc)、 デアミノノイラミン酸 (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid) を含む 30 種以上の誘導体が知られ、全てシアル酸と呼ばれる。 |
- ↑ Roland Schauer "Sialic Acids - Chemistry, Metabolism and Function" Springer-Verlag, 1982.
- ↑ A Lundblad "Gunnar Blix and his discovery of sialic acids. Fascinating molecules in glycobiology" Ups J Med Sci. 120(2):104–112, 2015
- ↑ JN Kanfer and S Hakomori "Sphingolipid biochemistry" Chapter 1, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012
Ganglioside
Ganglioside is a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acid. Major structures include ganglio, lacto, and neolacto series. In mammalian brains, ganglioside contains primarily d20:1 long chain base and stearic acid (18:0, about 80%) and does not include hydroxy fatty acids. |
酸性糖であるシアル酸を含む糖脂質をガングリオシドと呼ぶ。主要系列にガングリオ、ラクト、ネオラクト等を含む。哺乳類の脳では基本的にd20:1の長鎖塩基とステアリン酸(18:0)で構成され、酸化脂質は含まない。 |
Svennerholm Notation
Each alpha-numeric digit stands for the number of sialic acids or sugars. |
各桁の数字やアルファベットはシアル酸の数や糖の数を意味する。 |
| Indicated number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of sialic acids | GM | GD | GT | GQ |
| Number of sugars | tetraose (4) | triose (3) | lactose (2) | galactose (1) |
| Sialic acids attached to the second Gal | a | b | c | - |
- Examples
- GQ1b ... Four sialic acids, four sugars, two sialic acids attached to the 2nd galactose
- GM2 ... Two sialic acids, three sugars.
Sulfatide
|
硫酸化糖脂質の中でもガラクトースの3位の水酸基に硫酸を導入したものをスルファチドと呼ぶ。これはガラクトシルセラミドと並んでミエリンの主要糖脂質である。 |
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