LipidBank - Glycerophospholipid

No	Structure	COMMON NAME	NAME	DATA No	INFORMANT	SYMBOL	FORMULA	MOL.WT(ave)	Download	BIOOGICAL ACTIVITY	PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES						SPECTRAL DATA					CHROMATOGRAM DATA	SOURCE	CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS	METABOLISM	GENETIC INFORMATION	NOTE	REFERENCES
No	Structure	COMMON NAME	NAME	DATA No	INFORMANT	SYMBOL	FORMULA	MOL.WT(ave)	Download	BIOOGICAL ACTIVITY	MELTING POINT	BOILING POINT	DENSITY	REFRACTIVE INDEX	OPTICAL ROTATION	SOLUBILITY	UV SPECTRA	IR SPECTRA	NMR SPECTRA	MASS SPECTRA	OTHER SPECTRA	CHROMATOGRAM DATA	SOURCE	CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS	METABOLISM	GENETIC INFORMATION	NOTE	REFERENCES
1		lecithin	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/phosphatidylcholine	PGP2001	Masahiro Nishijima	PC/PtdCho										Insoluble but swells up in water and in NaCl solution forming a colloidal suspension. Soluble in about 12 parts cold, absolute alcohol; soluble in chloroform, ether, petr ether, in mineral oils and fatty acids; sparingly soluble in benzene. Insolble in acetone; practically insoluble in cold vegetable and animal oils.						[Chromatogram 0001]	PC is one of the principal phospholipids of mammalian tissues(Ref. 2001/2002/2003/2004/2005/2006/2007) and plants(Ref. 2008). It is generally absent from heterotrophic bacteria and hence, fails to qualify as a universal membrane constituent(Ref. 2009/2010). PC was first described by Gobley in 1847 as a component of egg yolk and named 'lecithin' after the Greek equivalent for egg yolk (lekithos).	The first confirmation of this structure came through chemical synthesis of the correct enantiomeric form by Baer and Kates(Ref. 2011). Chemical synthesis of PC has been achieved by the reacylation(with specific acyl chlorides) of GPC (as its CdCl₂ complex) derived from the large scale deacylation of pure PC(Ref. 2012). Other syntheses follow routes similar to those for PA up to the formation of the phosphorylated derivative. In the synthesis of PC the phosphate is blocked except for one reactive chloro-or hydroxyl group which can then be reacted with appropriate reagents to give the choline substituent(Ref. 2012/2013).	In fungal microorganisms, as in other eukaryotes, there are two pathways for PC biosynthesis(Ref. 2014). In mammals, the major route for synthesis of PC is the CDP-choline pathway, while the methylation pathway apparently contributes to the synthesis of PC only in the liver(Ref. 2015). In CDP-choline pathway, free choline is phosphorylated and converted to CDP-choline, and then the phosphocholine moiety of CDP-choline is transferred to diacylglycerol for PtdCho formation. CDP-choline formation is rate limiting for PtdCho biosynthesis. In yeast and other fungi, however, the methylation pathway serves as the principle route for PC biosynthesis especially in cells growing in the absence of choline supp;ementation. Under these conditions, PC is synthesized via a series of three sequential methylations of PE, catalyzed by the membrane-associated phospholipid N-methyltransferases(PLMTs). The two intermediates in this reaction series have been identified as PMME and phosphatidyl-dimethylethanolamine(PDME). Fungi, in contrast to mammals, have two PLMTs. Plants do not methylate PE, but can carry out the last two methylation steps to PC biosynthesis from PMME(Ref. 2016)	Cloning of genes or cDNA for enzymes involved in PtdCho biosynthesis. yeast choline kinase(Ref. 2018), human choline kinase(Ref. 2019), rat choline kinase(Ref. 2020/2021), yeast CTP:phosphocholine sytidyltransferase(Ref. 2022), rat CTP:phosphocholine sytidyltransferase(Ref. 2023), yeast PE-methyltransferases(Ref. 2024), rat PE-methyltransferases(Ref. 2025)		[2001] / [2002] / [2003] / [2004] / [2005] / [2006] / [2007] / [2008] / [2009] / [2010] / [2011] / [2012] / [2013] / [2014] / [2015] / [2016] / [2018] / [2019] / [2020] / [2021] / [2022] / [2023] / [2024] / [2025]
2			1,2-dipropionoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2002	Masahiro Nishijima		C₁₄H₂₈NO₈P	369.348
3			1,2-dibutyroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2003	Masahiro Nishijima		C₁₆H₃₂NO₈P	397.401
4			1,2-divaleroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2004	Masahiro Nishijima		C₁₈H₃₆NO₈P	425.454
5			1,2-dicaproyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2005	Masahiro Nishijima		C₂₀H₄₀NO₈P	453.507
6			1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2006	Masahiro Nishijima		C₂₂H₄₄NO₈P	481.560
7			1,2-dicapryloyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2007	Masahiro Nishijima		C₂₄H₄₈NO₈P	509.614
8			1,2-dinonanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2008	Masahiro Nishijima		C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P	537.667
9			1,2-dicaproyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2009	Masahiro Nishijima		C₂₈H₅₆NO₈P	565.720
10			1,2-diundecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2010	Masahiro Nishijima		C₃₀H₆₀NO₈P	593.773
11			1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2011	Masahiro Nishijima		C₃₂H₆₄NO₈P	621.826
12			1,2-ditridecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2012	Masahiro Nishijima		C₃₄H₆₈NO₈P	649.879
13		dimyristoyl lecithin	1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine	PGP2013	Masahiro Nishijima	DMPC	C₃₆H₇₂NO₈P	677.933			[Table 0001] (Ref. 2026)																	[2026]
14			1,2-dipentadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2014	Masahiro Nishijima		C₃₈H₇₆NO₈P	705.986
15		dipalmitoyl lecithin	1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphotidylcholine	PGP2015	Masahiro Nishijima	DPPC	C₄₀H₈₀NO₈P	734.039		Dipalmitoyl PC lowers surface tension of water to 0.5 dynes/cm; this phospholipid maintains alveolar structural integrity and lung function(Ref. 2028).	[Table 0001](Ref. 2026)							[Spectrum 0001](Ref. 2027)					About 40% of pulmonary surfactant is canstituted of dipalmitoyl PC(Ref. 2028).	Synthesized by acylation of glycerophoryl choline-CdCl₂ with palmitic anhydride in the presence of tetraethylammonium palmitate(Ref. 2027).	There are at least two major mechanisms by which dipalmitoyl-PC could be synthesized in the lung: (a) The initial acylations of sn-glycerol-3-P may be highly nonrandom, thereby producing large amounts of dipalmitoyl-PA whose acyl distribution pattern would be maintained through subsequent steps to the PC level. Dipalmitoyl-PC would, then, be produced as a consequece of the substrate and positional specificity of sn-glycerol-3-P acyltransferases. (b)The initial acylations of sn-glycerol-3-P may produce PA and, subsequently, PC species with varying degrees of randomness and asymmetry. The nonspecific fatty acid distribution pattern of these de novo produced PC species would then be modified to give dipalmitoyl-PC through the interaction of other enzymatic reacylation systems(Ref. 2028).			[2026] / [2027] / [2028]
16			1,2-diheptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2016	Masahiro Nishijima		C₄₂H₈₄NO₈P	762.092
17		distearoyl lecthin	1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-distearoyl phosphatidylcholine	PGP2017	Masahiro Nishijima	DSPC	C₄₄H₈₈NO₈P	790.145			[Table 0001](Ref. 2026)													Synthesized by acylation of glycerophoryl choline with stearate(Ref. 2027).				[2026] / [2027]
18			1,2-dinonadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2018	Masahiro Nishijima		C₄₆H₉₂NO₈P	818.198
19		diarachidoyl lecithin	1,2-diarachidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-diarachidoyl phosphatidylcholine	PGP2019	Masahiro Nishijima	DAPC					[Table 0001](Ref. 2026)																	[2026]
20			1,2-diheneicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2020	Masahiro Nishijima		C₅₀H₁₀₀NO₈P	874.305
21			1,2-dibehenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2021	Masahiro Nishijima		C₅₂H₁₀₄NO₈P	902.358
22			1,2-ditricosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2022	Masahiro Nishijima		C₅₄H₁₀₈NO₈P	930.411
23			1,2-dilignoceroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP2023	Masahiro Nishijima		C₅₆H₁₁₂NO₈P	958.464
24		dioleoyl lecithin	1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/1,2-dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine	PGP2024	Masahiro Nishijima	DOPC												[Spectrum 0002](Ref. 2027)						Synthesized by acylation of glycerophoryl choline with oleic acid(Ref. 2027).				[2027]
25		lysolecithin	1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/lysophosphatidylcholine	PGP2051	Masahiro Nishijima	lysoPC/l-PtdCho				Hemolytic activity; fusoglnic activity(Ref. 2030).						soluble in waer, forming micelles above 0.015mM0.02mM.							A minor component (1 to 5%) of the phospholipids of many tissues(Ref. 2001/2002/2003/2004/2005). One of the highest concentrations reported (17%) is that found in the chromaffin granules of bovine adrenal gland(Ref. 2029).		1-acyl-lyso-PC is formed from PC by the action of phosphlipase A₂ from various kinds of sources.			[2001] / [2002] / [2003] / [2004] / [2005] / [2029] / [2030]
26		lysolecithin	2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/lysophosphatidylcholine	PGP2052	Masahiro Nishijima	lysoPC/2-PtdCho				Hemolytic activity; fusoglnic activity(Ref. 2030).														Prepared frpm 1-alkenyl-2-acyl-phosphorylcholine(Ref. 2031). 2-PtdCho is easily converted to 1-PtdCho through acyl migration(Ref. 2031).				[2030] / [2031]
27		Phosphaidylserine	1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine/(3-sn-Phosphatidyl)-L-serine	PGP2201	Osamu Kuge	PtdSer/PS				PtdSer is believed to control the action of various proteins, such as protein kinase C(Ref. 2201), Raf-1 kinase(Ref. 2202), myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (Ref. 2203), synaptotagmine(Ref. 2204), and Sphingomyelinase(Ref. 2205), and has been shown to promote assembly and activation of several key enzymes of the coagulation system(Ref. 2206), as well as to accelerate the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages(Ref. 2207).													Ubiquitous in eukaryotes and prokaryotes		In mammalian cells, PtdSer is synthesized through the exchange of L-serine with choline moiety of phosphatidylcholine or ethanolamine moiety of phosphatidylethanolamine(Ref. 2208/2209). In bacteria and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PtdSer is synthesized through transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of CDP-diacylglycerol to L-serine(Ref. 2210/2211). Decarboxylation of PtdSer is an important pathway for phosphatidylethanolamine formation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes(Ref. 2212).	PtdSer synthases of mammalian cells(Ref. 2213/2214/2215); PtdSer synthase of Escherichia coli(Ref. 2216); PtdSer synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Ref. 2217); PtdSer decarboxylase of mammalian cells(Ref. 2218); PtdSer decarboxylase of Escherichia coli(Ref. 2219); PtdSer decarboxylases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Ref. 2220/2221/2222).		[2201] / [2202] / [2203] / [2204] / [2205] / [2206] / [2207] / [2208] / [2209] / [2210] / [2211] / [2212] / [2213] / [2214] / [2215] / [2216] / [2217] / [2218] / [2219] / [2220] / [2221] / [2222]
28		phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine/ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine/ N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N-methylethanolamine	PGP2401	Yasuhito Tanaka	PME/PMME					1,2-distearoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 178-180C (Ref. 2412); 1,2-distearoyl-DL-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 171-172C (Ref. 2412); 1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 177-178C (Ref. 2412), 184-186C (from CHCl₃-MeOH at 4C (Ref. 2413); 1,2-dipalmitoyl-DL-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 170-171C (Ref. 2412), 182C (Ref. 2413)				1,2-distearoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +7.1 (Ref. 2412); 1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +8.0 (Ref. 2412), [a] +8.0 (in CHCl₃) (Ref. 2413)				²H-NMR spectra of PC, PDME, PMME, and PE fully hydrated with D₂O at the indicated temperatures [Spectrum 0001] (Ref. 2410).			HPLC, mBondapak NH₂, acetonitril-methanol-water (13:7:1, v/v), elution rate 1.6 ml/min, detection OD₂₀₃ nm, Peaks: SF = solvent front, PC = phosphatidylcholine, SPH = sphingomyelin, LPC = lysophosphatidylcholine, PMME = phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, PE = phosphatidylethanolamine, PDME = phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, LPE = lysophosphatidylethanolamine, [Chromatogram 0001] (Ref. 2401)/ TLC, plate: Silica gel 60 (Merck, 20 X 20 cm, 0.25 mm thick), solvent: 1st dim. chloroform - methanol - water (65:25:4, v/v), 2nd dim. n-butanol - acetic acid - water (6:2:2, v/v) (Ref. 2402)	Metabolic intermediate of rat liver microsomes (Ref. 2403), Hemophilus parainfluenzae (Ref. 2404), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) (Ref. 2404), Neurospora crassa (Ref. 2405), Clostridium butyricum (Ref. 2406)	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2411). Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2412). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method of saturated and unsaturated optically active N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2413).	N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine is the first intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor (Ref. 2403). This phospholipid is methylated and N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, the second intermediate, and phosphatidylcholine are formed. (Ref. 2407) Amino acid sequence of the enzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ref. 2408) and rat liver (Ref. 2409) was reported.			[2401] / [2402] / [2403] / [2404] / [2405] / [2406] / [2407] / [2408] / [2409] / [2410] / [2411] / [2412] / [2413]
29		phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, dioleoyl/ dioleoylphosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine/ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, dioleoyl/ dioleoylphosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine/ N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoyl/ dioleoyl-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine/ N-monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoyl/ dioleoyl-N-monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-cis-9-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N-methylethanolamine	PGP2402	Yasuhito Tanaka	PME/PMME/DOPE-Me	C₄₂H₈₀O₈NP	758.060																A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2418). Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2419). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method of saturated and unsaturated optically active N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2420).	N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine is the first intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor. (Ref. 2414) This phospholipid is methylated and N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, the second intermediate, and phosphatidylcholine are formed.		This phospholipid is used to study the polymorphic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of lipids, i.e. lamellar / inverted cubic phase transition. (Ref. 2415/2416/2417)	[2414] / [2415] / [2416] / [2417] / [2418] / [2419] / [2420]
30		phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl/ dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine/ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl/ dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine/ N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl/ dipalmitoyl-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine/ N-monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl/ dipalmitoyl-N-monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N-methylethanolamine	PGP2403	Yasuhito Tanaka	PME/PMME	C₃₈H₇₆O₈NP	705.986			1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 177-178C (Ref. 2424), 184-186C (from CHCl₃-MeOH at 4C (Ref. 2425); 1,2-dipalmitoyl-DL-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 170-171C (Ref. 2424), 182C (Ref. 2425)				1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +8.0 (Ref. 2424), [a] +8.0 (in CHCl₃) (Ref. 2425)									A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2423). Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2424). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method of saturated and unsaturated optically active N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2425).	N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine is the first intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor. (Ref. 2421) This phospholipid is methylated and N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, the second intermediate, and phosphatidylcholine are formed. (Ref. 2422)			[2421] / [2422] / [2423] / [2424] / [2425]
31		phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine/ N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N,N-dimethylethanolamine	PGP2404	Yasuhito Tanaka	PDE/PDME					1,2-distearoyl-L-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 168-169C; 1,2-distearoyl-DL-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 160-162C; 1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 164-165C; 1,2-dipalmitoyl-DL-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 160-161C (Ref. 2437)				1,2-distearoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +5.8; 1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +5.8 (Ref. 2437)				²H-NMR spectra of PC, PDME, PMME, and PE fully hydrated with D₂O at the indicated temperatures [Spectrum 0001] (Ref. 2435).			HPLC, mBondapak NH₂, acetonitril-methanol-water (13:7:1, v/v), elution rate 1.6 ml/min, detection OD₂₀₃ nm, Peaks: SF = solvent front, PC = phosphatidylcholine, SPH = sphingomyelin, LPC = lysophosphatidylcholine, PMME = phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, PE = phosphatidylethanolamine, PDME = phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, LPE = lysophosphatidylethanolamine, [Chromatogram 0001] (Ref. 2426)/ TLC, plate: Silica gel 60 (Merck, 20 X 20 cm, 0.25 mm thick), solvent: 1st dim. chloroform - methanol - water (65:25:4, v/v), 2nd dim. n-butanol - acetic acid - water (6:2:2, v/v) (Ref. 2427)	Metabolic intermediate of rat liver microsomes (Ref. 2428), Hemophilus parainfluenzae (Ref. 2429), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) (Ref. 2429), Neurospora crassa (Ref. 2430), Clostridium butyricum (Ref. 2431)	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2436). Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2437).	N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine is the second intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor. This phospholipid is methylated and phosphatidylcholine is formed. Amino acid sequence of the enzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ref. 2432) and rat liver (Ref. 2433) was reported.			[2426] / [2427] / [2428] / [2429] / [2430] / [2431] / [2432] / [2433] / [2435] / [2436] / [2437]
32		phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, dioleoyl/ dioleoylphosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine/ N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoyl/ dioleoyl-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-cis-9-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N,N-dimethylethanolamine	PGP2405	Yasuhito Tanaka	PDE/PDME/DOPE-Me₂	C₄₃H₈₂O₈NP	772.087																A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2442). Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2443).	N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine is the second intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor. (Ref. 2438) This phospholipid is methylated and phosphatidylcholine is formed.		This phospholipid is used to study the polymorpic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of lipids, i.e. lamellar / inverted cubic phase transition. (Ref. 2439/2440/2441)	[2438] / [2439] / [2440] / [2441] / [2442] / [2443]
33		phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl/ dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine/ N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoyl/ dipalmitoyl-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N,N-dimethylethanolamine	PGP2406	Yasuhito Tanaka	PDE/PDME	C₃₉H₇₈O₈NP	720.012			1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 164-165C; 1,2-dipalmitoyl-DL-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 160-161C (Ref. 2447)				1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +5.8 (Ref. 2447)									A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2446). Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2447).	N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine is the second intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor (Ref. 2444). This phospholipid is methylated and phosphatidylcholine is formed (Ref. 2445).			[2444] / [2445] / [2446] / [2447]
34		phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, distearoyl/ distearoylphosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine/ N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, distearoyl/ distearoyl-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N,N-dimethylethanolamine	PGP2407	Yasuhito Tanaka	PDE/PDME	C₄₃H₈₆O₈NP	776.119			1,2-distearoyl-L-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 168-169C; 1,2-distearoyl-DL-N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, 160-162C (Ref. 2451)				1,2-distearoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +5.8 (Ref. 2451)									A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2450). Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2451).	N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine is the second intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor. (Ref. 2448) This phospholipid is methylated and phosphatidylcholine is formed. (Ref. 2449)			[2448] / [2449] / [2450] / [2451]
35		1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine/ 1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine	1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N-methylethanolamine	PGP2408	Yasuhito Tanaka	lysoPME/ lysoPMME	C₂₂H₄₆O₇NP	467.577		1-Palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine inhibits the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in rat liver microsomal preparations (Ref. 2452).	200C (sinters 100C) (from absolute EtOH) (Ref. 2453)													Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O. synthesized 1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2453).	1-Palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine is methylated and 1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine is formed by the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase system with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor (Ref. 2452).			[2452] / [2453]
36		1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine	1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N,N-dimethylethanolamine	PGP2409	Yasuhito Tanaka	lysoPDE/ lysoPDME	C₂₃H₄₈O₇NP	481.604		1-Palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine inhibits the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in rat liver microsomal preparations (Ref. 2454).															1-Palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine is methylated and 1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine is formed by the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase system with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor (Ref. 2454).			[2454]
37		phosphatidylethanolamine/ L-a-phosphatidylethanolamine/ cephalin/ ethanolaminephosphoglyceride/ (3-sn-phosphatidyl)ethanolamine	1,2-di-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phosphoethanolamine	PGP2410	Yasuhito Tanaka	PE/ PtdEtn/ acyl₂GroPEtn					196C (Ref. 2455); dimyristoyl-PE, 175-177C (Ref. 2456/2457); dipalmitoyl-PE, 172-175C (Ref. 2456/2457) 210-211C (Ref. 2469) dipalmitoyl-DL-, 211C (Ref. 2469); distearoyl-PE, 172-173.5C (Ref. 2456/2457); dioleoyl-PE, 195-200C (Ref. 2469); dielaidoyl-PE, 193C (Ref. 2469); 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PE, 194-196C (Ref. 2471)				dimyristoyl-PE , [a]+6.7 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2456/2457); dipalmitoyl-PE, [a]+6.4 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2456/2457), [a]+6.2 in CHCl₃-MeOH (2:1,v/v) (Ref. 2469); distearoyl-PE, [a]+6.0 in CHCl₃-glacial acetic acid (9:1,v/v) (Ref. 2456/2457); dioleoyl-PE, [a]+6.0 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2469); dielaidoyl-PE, [a]+6.1 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2469); 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PE, [a]+6.35 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2469)	Insoluble in water. Natural PE is soluble in MeOH, EtOH, CHCl₃, benzene, ether, and petroleum ether, and insoluble in acetone. At 20C, synthetic PEs are insoluble (1mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in acetone, ether, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate; moderately soluble (20-100 mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in EtOH, pyridine, benzene, and CCl₄; readily soluble (> 1g/100 ml of solvent) in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2455/2456/2457).	Maximum absorbance at 205 nm (Ref. 2458).	Fourier transform IR spectra for dimyristoyl-PE in the dry state (anhydrous), either in the pure state (A, C and E) or in the presence of 20 mol% of a-tocopherol (B, D and F). Ester C=O stretching vibration mode region,1800-1700 cm^-¹; CH₂ deformation, scissoring band region, 1500-1400 cm^-¹; headgroup PO₂^- phosphate band region, 1350-1150 cm^-¹ [Spectrum 0001] (Ref. 2459).	¹H-NMR spectrum of PE. Varian VXR500 spectrometer operating at 500 MHz for protons, using CHCl₃ as the lock signal [Spectrum 0002] (Ref. 2460)./ ³¹P NMR spectrum of a PE (left) and a PC (right) fraction from bovine brain. Varian Unity 300 spectrometer operating at121.42 MHz using 1% H₃PO₄ as external standard [Spectrum 0003] (Ref. 2461).	Negative ion mass spectrum during the elution of 1-stearol-2-arachidonyl-PE in a sample of rat liver PE. A Fisons VG Platform II single quadrupole mass spectrometer, fitted with an electrospray ion source operated at atmospheric pressure, was used for the identification of components eluting from the column. Nitrogen was used as nebulizer gas and as curtain gas. The capillary voltage was set to 3.0 kV and the cone voltage to 100 V [Spectrum 0004] (Ref. 2462).		2 dimensional TLC [Chromatogram 0001] (Ref. 2463)/ HPLC, Hewlett-Packard Model 1050 HPLC system, UV absorbance 205nm, Hewlett-Packard Model 3396 series II integrator, HP Hypersil C18 (200 x 2.1x 5 mm) column [Chromatogram 0002] (Ref. 2464)/ HPLC for intact PE molecular species. Molecular species of approxymately 50 nmol of PE were separated on two 250 x 4 mm Lichrospher RP-18 endcapped columns in series (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Isocratic elution was performed with a solvent consisting of acetonitrile-methanol 3:7 (v/v) containing 5 mM ethanolamine, or a solvent consisiting of acetonitrile-methanol 2:3 (v/v) containing 2 mM ethanolamine at a flow rate of 1.25 ml/min. The column effuluent was monitored at 206 nm using LKB 2251 Uvicord (Pharmacia, Upsala, Sweden) and subsequent ELSD was performed using a Varex MKIII obtained from Alltech, (Deerfield, IL) operating at a gas flow rate of 1.9 l/ml and a drift tube temperature of 100C [Chromatogram 0003] [Table 0001] (Ref. 2462).	PE is widely distributed in virus (Ref. 2465), bacteria (Ref. 2466), plant (Ref. 2467), and mammalian organisms (Ref. 2468).	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2470/2471). Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M. have shown a method for saturated L-a-PE synthesis (Ref. 2457). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method of saturated and unsaturated optically active phosphatidylethanolamine in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2469).	In eukaryotic cells, PE is synthesized by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine (PS) or by the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. In the latter case, PE is synthesized from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol and CDP-ethanolamine by ethanolaminephosphotransferase (E.C. 2.7.8.1). In bacteria, PE is synthesized by the decarboxylation pathway, while the CDP-ethanolamine pathway has not been confirmed. (Ref. 2466/2467/2472/2473/2474/2478) / PE is catabolized by phospholipases and lysoPE, phosphatidic acid, diglyceride etc. are made (Ref. 2474/2475/2476/2478). PE is also converted to PC through methylation pathway (Ref. 2473/2474/2477/2478).			[2455] / [2456] / [2457] / [2458] / [2459] / [2460] / [2461] / [2462] / [2463] / [2464] / [2465] / [2466] / [2467] / [2468] / [2469] / [2470] / [2471] / [2472] / [2473] / [2474] / [2475] / [2476] / [2477] / [2478]
38		phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, distearoyl/ distearoylphosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine/ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, distearoyl/ distearoylphosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine/ N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, distearoyl/ distearoyl-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine/ N-monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine, distearoyl/ distearoyl-N-monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine	1,2-di-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-N-methylethanolamine	PGP2411	Yasuhito Tanaka	PME/PMME	C₄₂H₈₄O₈NP	762.092			1,2-distearoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 178-180C; 1,2-distearoyl-DL-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, 171-172C (Ref. 2479);				1,2-distearoyl-L-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine, [a] +7.1 (Ref. 2479)									Shapiro and Rabinsohn synthesized optically active and racemic formes of 1,2-distearoyl-N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine from a b-bromoethylphosphoryldiglyceride (Ref. 2479).	N-methylphosphatidylethanolamine is the first intermediate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase(s) with S-adenosylmethionine serving as the methyl group donor (Ref. 2480). This phospholipid is methylated and N,N-dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, the second intermediate, and phosphatidylcholine are formed.			[2479] / [2480]
39		dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine/ dimyristoyl-L-a-phosphatidylethanolamine/ ethanolaminephosphoglyceride, 1,2-dimyristoyl/ 1,2-dimyristoyl-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)ethanolamine	1,2-di-myristoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phosphoethanolamine	PGP2412	Yasuhito Tanaka	PE/diMyr-PE/diMyrPtdEtn/Myr₂GroPEtn	C₃₃H₆₆O₈NP	635.853			175-177C (Ref. 2481/2482)				[a]+6.7 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2481/2482)	Insoluble in water. At 20C, synthetic PEs are insoluble (1mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in acetone, ether, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate; moderately soluble (80 mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in EtOH, pyridine, benzene, and CCl₄; readily soluble (> 1g/100 ml of solvent) in CHCl₃. (Ref. 2482)		Fourier transform IR spectra for dimyristoyl-PE in the dry state (anhydrous), either in the pure state (A, C and E) or in the presence of 20 mol% of a-tocopherol (B, D and F). Ester C=O stretching vibration mode region,1800-1700 cm^-¹; CH₂ deformation, scissoring band region, 1500-1400 cm^-¹; headgroup PO₂^- phosphate band region, 1350-1150 cm^-¹ [Spectrum 0001] (Ref. 2483).					PE is widely distributed in virus (Ref. 2484), bacteria (Ref. 2485), plant (Ref. 2486), and mammalian organisms (Ref. 2487).	Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M. have shown a method for dimyristoyl-L-a-PE synthesis (Ref. 2482).				[2481] / [2482] / [2483] / [2484] / [2485] / [2486] / [2487]
40		dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine/ 1,2-dipalmitoyl-L-a-phosphatidylethanolamine/ 1,2-dipalmitoyl-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)ethanolamine	1,2-di-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phosphoethanolamine	PGP2413	Yasuhito Tanaka	diPam-PE/ diPamPtdEtn/ Pam₂GroPEtn	C₃₇H₇₄O₈NP	691.959			dipalmitoyl-PE, 172-175C (Ref. 2488/2489) 210-211C (Ref. 2490) dipalmitoyl-DL-, 211C (Ref. 2490)				L-a-dipalmitoyl-PE, [a]+6.4 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2488/2489), [a]+6.2 in CHCl₃-MeOH (2:1,v/v) (Ref. 2490)	Insoluble in water. At 20C, synthetic PEs are insoluble (1mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in acetone, ether, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate; moderately soluble (36 mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in EtOH, pyridine, benzene, and CCl₄; readily soluble (> 1g/100 ml of solvent) in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2488/2489/2491).							PE is widely distributed in virus (Ref. 2492), bacteria (Ref. 2493), plant (Ref. 2494), and mammalian organisms (Ref. 2495).	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2496/2497). Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M. have shown a method for dipalmitoyl-L-a-PE synthesis (Ref. 2489). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method of optically active and inactive dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2490).				[2488] / [2489] / [2490] / [2491] / [2492] / [2493] / [2494] / [2495] / [2496] / [2497]
41		1,2-distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine/ 1,2-distearoyl-L-a-phosphatidylethanolamine/ 1,2-distearoyl-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)ethanolamine	1,2-di-stearoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phosphoethanolamine	PGP2414	Yasuhito Tanaka	diSte-PE/ diStePtdEtn/ Ste₂GroPEtn	C₄₁H₈₂O₈NP	748.065			172-173.5C (Ref. 2499/2500)				L-a-distearoyl-PE, [a]+6.0 in CHCl₃-glacial acetic acid (9:1,v/v) (Ref. 2499/2500)	Insoluble in water. At 20C, synthetic PEs are insoluble (1mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in acetone, ether, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate; moderately soluble (8mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in EtOH, pyridine, benzene, and CCl₄; readily soluble (> 1g/100 ml of solvent) in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2498/2499/2500).							PE is widely distributed in virus (Ref. 2501), bacteria (Ref. 2502), plant (Ref. 2503), and mammalian organisms (Ref. 2504).	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2505/2506). Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M. have shown a method for distearoyl-L-a-PE synthesis (Ref. 2500).				[2498] / [2499] / [2500] / [2501] / [2502] / [2503] / [2504] / [2505] / [2506]
42		dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine/ dioleoyl-L-a-phosphatidylethanolamine/ dioleoyl-cephalin/ 1,2-dioleoyl-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)ethanolamine	1,2-di-oleoyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phosphoethanolamine	PGP2415	Yasuhito Tanaka	diOle-PE/ diOlePtdEtn/ Ole₂GroPEtn	C₄₁H₇₈O₈NP	744.034			dioleoyl-PE, 195-200C (Ref. 2507)				L-a-dioleoyl-PE, [a]+6.0 in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2507)	Insoluble in water. At 20C, synthetic PEs are insoluble (1mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in acetone, ether, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate; moderately soluble (20-100 mg/100 ml of dry solvent) in EtOH, pyridine, benzene, and CCl₄; readily soluble (> 1g/100 ml of solvent) in CHCl₃ (Ref. 2508/2509/2510).							PE is widely distributed in virus (Ref. 2511), bacteria (Ref. 2512), plant (Ref. 2513), and mammalian organisms (Ref. 2514).	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2515/2516). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method of saturated and unsaturated optically active phosphatidylethanolamine in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2507).				[2507] / [2508] / [2509] / [2510] / [2511] / [2512] / [2513] / [2514] / [2515] / [2516]
43		lysophosphatidylethanolamine, 1-acyl	1-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phosphoethanolamine	PGP2416	Yasuhito Tanaka	lysoPE/ lysoPE, 1-acyl				Bind to rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (Ref. 2531). Stimulate proteinkinase in plants (Ref. 2524). Inhibit phospholipase D (Ref. 2525).	205 (Ref. 2520); 1-palmitoyl-DL-lysoPE, 212C (Ref. 2517)											Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Silica gel 60 plate (Merch, Germany) was done in the first developement solution, composed of tetrahydrofuran-acetone-methanol-water (50: 20: 40: 8, by volume), and in the second developement solution, composed of chloroform-acetone-methanol-acetic acid-water (50: 20: 10: 15: 5, by volume) [Chromatogram 0001] (Ref. 2521)./ HPLC: PE,dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine; LPE,1-palmitoyl-glycerophosphorylethanolamine; PC,dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine; LPC,1-palmitoyl-glycerophosphorylcholine [Chromatogram 0002] (Ref. 2522).	LysoPE is widely distributed in mammalian tissues (Ref. 2523), plants (Ref. 2524/2525), and microorganisms (Ref. 2526/2527/2528/2529/2530).	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2518/2519). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method for 1-palmitoyl-DL-lysoPE in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2517).	1-acyl-LysoPE is synthesized from phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A₂ and is decomposed by lysophospholipase (Ref. 2532/2533). This lipid is reacylated by acyl-CoA: lysophospholipid transferase (Ref. 2532/2533).			[2517] / [2518] / [2519] / [2520] / [2521] / [2522] / [2523] / [2524] / [2525] / [2526] / [2527] / [2528] / [2529] / [2530] / [2531] / [2532] / [2533]
44		lysophosphatidylethanolamine, 2-acyl	2-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phosphoethanolamine	PGP2417	Yasuhito Tanaka	lysoPE/ lysoPE, 2-acyl					2-palmitoyl-L-lysoPE, 220C (Ref. 2534)												LysoPE is widely distributed in mammalian tissues (Ref. 2537), plants (Ref. 2538/2539), and microorganisms (Ref. 2540/2541/2542/2543/2544/2547).	A number of research groups synthesized this phospholipid (Ref. 2535/2536). Billimore and Lewis described a synthesizing method for 2-palmitoyl-DL-lysoPE in which the triphenylmethyl group was used for the protection (Ref. 2534).	2-acyl-LysoPE is synthesized from phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A₁ and is decomposed by lysophospholipase (Ref. 2545/2546). This lipid is reacylated by acyl-CoA: lysophospholipid transferase (Ref. 2545/2546).			[2534] / [2535] / [2536] / [2537] / [2538] / [2539] / [2540] / [2541] / [2542] / [2543] / [2544] / [2545] / [2546] / [2547]
45		phosphatidylglycerol	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-sn-1'-glyserol	PGP2601	Kiyoshi Kawasaki	PG																	Ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes		PG is produced by dephospholylation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate, which is synthesized by the condensation of CDP-diacylglycerol with glycerol 3-phosphate.(Ref. 2601)	phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase(E, coli, yeast, Chinese hamster)(Ref. 2602/2603/2604)		[2601] / [2602] / [2603] / [2604]
46		Cardiolipin / diphosphatidyl glycerol	bis-(1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1',3'-sn-glycerol	PGP2602	Kiyoshi Kawasaki	CL										Soluble;chloroform, hexane							Ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes		CL is produced by the condensation of two PG molecules (in prokaryotes), or by the reaction of CDP-diacylglycerol with PG (in eukaryotes).	Cardiolipin synthase (E. coli, yeast)(Ref. 2605/2606)		[2605] / [2606]
47		phosphatidylinositol mannoside	1-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-2-[O-a-D-mannopyranosyl]-D-myo-inositol(n=0), 1-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-2-[O-a-D-mannopyranosyl]-6-[O-a-D-mannopyranosyl]-D-myo-inositol (n=1), 1-[1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-2-[O-a-D-mannopyranosyl]-6-[O-a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-a-D-mannopyranosyl]-D-myo-inositol (n=2)	PGP2801	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PIM, PIMs(PIM-1(n=0), PIM-2(n=1), PIM-3(n=2)				antigenic(Ref. 2804/2805).									(Ref. 2801)	(Ref. 2801)		TLC(Ref. 2802)	detected in Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Nocardia, Actinomyces, etc(Ref. 2803).		metabolism in Mycobacterium smegmatis(Ref. 2806).			[2801] / [2802] / [2803] / [2804] / [2805] / [2806]
48	No image	lipomannan		PGP2802	Masayoshi Fukasawa	LM				represent antigens modulating immune response of the host(Ref. 2818).												PAGE pattern(Ref. 2807)	ubiquitous in the genus Mycobacterium(Ref. 2808). major compornents of mycobacterial cell wall(Ref. 2808).		Biosynthesis(Ref. 2809). precursors of lipoarabinomannan.			[2807] / [2808] / [2809] / [2818]
49	No image	lipoarabinomannan(a major phosphatidylinositol anchored lipoglycan in the mycobacterial cell envelope). Two major forms are recognized: LAM with arabinofuranosyl (Araf)-containing termini (AraLAM) and a mannose-capped version (ManLAM) in which the majority of these termini are modified by additional mannose residues(Ref. 2807).		PGP2803	Masayoshi Fukasawa	LAM				represent the major antigens modulating immune response of the host(Ref. 2818). CD14 can be signaling receptor for AraLAM, and macrophage mannose receptor canbe signaling and phagocytic receptor for ManLAM(Ref. 2819)									(Ref. 2807/2810/2811/2813/2814/2815)	GC-MS(Ref. 2807/2811/2813/2814/2815/2816/2817). FAB-MS(Ref. 2813). LDI-MS(Ref. 2813).		PAGE pattern(Ref. 2807). SDS-PAGE pattern(Ref. 2815).	ubiquitous in the genus Mycobacterium(Ref. 2808). major compornents of mycobacterial cell wall(Ref. 2808).		Biosynthesis(Ref. 2820/2821).			[2807] / [2808] / [2810] / [2811] / [2813] / [2814] / [2815] / [2816] / [2817] / [2818] / [2819] / [2820] / [2821]
50		C₂₅,₂₅-archaetidylinositol	2,3-di-O-sesterterpanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-myo-inositol	PGP2804	Masayoshi Fukasawa											sol. in chloroform(Ref. 2822)			EI-MS(Ref. 2822).	FAB(Ref. 2822)			detect in Aeropyrum pernix K1 major polar lipid of A.pernix, accounted for 9% mol% of total polar lipid(Ref. 2822).					[2822]
51		archaetidyl(glucosyl)inositol/C₂₅,₂₅-archaetidyl(glucosyl)inositol	2,3-di-O-sesterterpanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-1'-(2'-O-a-D-glucosyl)-myo-inositol	PGP2805	Masayoshi Fukasawa										[a]D(acid form)=+18.3(Cl.31, CHCl₃)(Ref. 2822).	sol in chloroform(Ref. 2822).			(Ref. 2822).	EI-MS (Ref. 2822). FAB-MS(Ref. 2822).		TLC(Ref. 2822).	detected in Aeropyrum pernix K1 major polar lipid of A. pernix, accounted for 91 mol% of total polar lipid(Ref. 2822).					[2822]
52		glucosaminyl archaetidylinositol/archaetidyl(glucosaminyl) inositol	2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-1'[6'-0-(2""-amino-2""deoxy-a-D, glucopyranosyl)]-1'-D-myo-inositol	PGP2806	Masayoshi Fukasawa													(Ref. 2823)	(Ref. 2823)	Fab(Ref. 2823)		(Ref. 2824)	detect in methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina bargeri most predominant polar lipid of M. Barkeri, accounted for 24 mol% of total polar lipid(Ref. 2823/2824).					[2823] / [2824]
53		archaetidylinositol / C₂₀,₂₀-archaetidylinositol	2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-myo-inositol	PGP2807	Masayoshi Fukasawa															FAB-MS(Ref. 2825/2826)		TLC(Ref. 2826)	detected in Methanobacterium thermo autotrophicum(Ref. 2825), Methanosarcina barkeri(Ref. 2826).		Proposed biosynthesis pathway is described(Ref. 2825)			[2825] / [2826]
54		hydroxyarchaetidyl-myo-inositol / hydroxyarchaetidylinositol	2-0-(3'-hydroxy)phytanyl-3-0-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-myo-inositol	PGP2808	Masayoshi Fukasawa														(Ref. 2826)	GC-MS(Ref. 2826), FAB-MS(Ref. 2826)			detected in Methanosarcina barkeri, predominant polarl ipid of M.barkeri, accounted for 20 mol% of total polar lipid(Ref. 2826)					[2826]
55		lysophosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate	1-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 4-phosphate	PGP2809	Masayoshi Fukasawa	lysoPIP, lysoPtdlns4P																TLC(Ref. 2830)			LysoPl 4-phosphate is rapidly dephosphorylated to 1-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol by rat brain and liver microsomes(Ref. 2828), and this phosphatase activity does not require divalent cations(Ref. 2829). The generation of lysoPl 4-phosphate is stimulated by insulin in isolated rat fat cells(Ref. 2830).			[2828] / [2829] / [2830]
56		lysophosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate	1-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 4,5-bis(phosphate)	PGP2810	Masayoshi Fukasawa	lysoPlP₂, lysoPtdlns(4,5)P₂																			LysoPtdlns(4,5)P₂ is rapidly dephosphorylated to 1-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol by rat brain and liver microsomes(Ref. 2828). LysoPtdlns(4,5)P₂ and the intermediate lysoPtdlns4P were hydrolyzed by two distinct phosphatase activities. LysoPtdlns(4,5)P₂ phosphatase activity was Mg++-dependent and lysoPtdlns4P phosphatase activity does not require divalent cations(Ref. 2829).			[2828] / [2829]
57		lysophosphatidylinositol	1-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol/ 2-acyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol	PGP2811	Masayoshi Fukasawa	lysoPl/ lysoPtdlns				A potential mediator of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-induced increments in rat hepatocyte cytosolic calcium(Ref. 2831). LysoPl stimulates cell proliferation in differentiated and K-ras transformed thyroid cells(Ref. 2832). This activity is suggested to be associated with the activation of phospholipase C and phospholipase A₂(Ref. 2833). LysoPl stimulates insulin release from rat islets(Ref. 2834).						sol. in water							ubiquious in eucaryotes (and also in limited types of procaryotes).		Acylation of lysoPl is detected in aderenals(Ref. 2835), brain(Ref. 2836/2837/2838), liver(Ref. 2839/2840),heart(Ref. 2841) and platelets(Ref. 2842). LysoPl is phosphorylated by human platelet microsomes(Ref. 2843) and by carrot membranes(Ref. 2844). LysoPl can be degraded by lysoPl-specific phospholipase C(Ref. 2845/2846/2847/2848/2849). LysoPl levels increase in RAW264.7 macrophage stimulated with lipid A precursors, LPS, PMA, or A23187(Ref. 2850) and in platelet stimulated with thrombin or A23187(Ref. 2851).			[2831] / [2832] / [2833] / [2834] / [2835] / [2836] / [2837] / [2838] / [2839] / [2840] / [2841] / [2842] / [2843] / [2844] / [2845] / [2846] / [2847] / [2848] / [2849] / [2850] / [2851]
58		Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 3,5-bis(phosphate)	PGP2812	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PtdIns(3,5)P₂				PtdIns(3,5)P₂ has a possible role in membrane dynamics(Ref. 2852/2853/2854).													known to be present in mammalian cells, plant cells, and yeast.		PtdIns(3,5)P₂ is formed by phosphorylation of PtdIns 3P, the reaction catalyzed by PtdIns 3P 5-kinase(FAB1p) or PIP 5-kinase (type I PIP kinase) (Ref. 2855/2856/2857/2858)/ In vitro, PtdIns(3,5)P₂ can also be generated through phosphorylation of PtdIns 5P by PI 3-kinase (Ref. 2859). PtdIns(3,5)P₂ formed in cells seems to be rapidly converted into PtdIns3P by the action of a specific 5'-phosphatase activity(Ref. 2855). Osmotic stress activates PtdIns(3,5)P₂ synthesis in yeast by a process that involves activation of a PtdIns 3P 5-kinase(Ref. 2860)			[2852] / [2853] / [2854] / [2855] / [2856] / [2857] / [2858] / [2859] / [2860]
59		Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 5-phosphate	PGP2813	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PtdIns5P/ PI5P				Possible precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P₂													Intracellular level approx. 2% that of PtdIns4P in NIH3T3 cells(Ref. 2859)		PI 5-phosphate is formed by phosphorylation of PI, the reaction catalyzed by PI 5-kinase (type I PIP kinase) in vitro(Ref. 2857/2858). PI 5-phosphate can be produced in vitro by dephospharylation of PtdIns(4,5)P₂(Ref. 2858/2859). PI 5-phosphate can be phosphorylated in vitro by PI 3-kinase, producing PtdIns(3,5)P₂ or by PIP 4-kinase (type II PIP kinase), producing PtdIns(4,5)P₂(Ref. 2858/2859)			[2857] / [2858] / [2859]
60		phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 3-phosphate/1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol 3-phosphate	PGP2814	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PtdIns3P/ PI3P				Precursor of PtdIns(3,5)P₂; one precursor of PtdIns(3,4)P₂(Ref. 2857). PtdIns3P is required for vesicle trafficking in yeast(Ref. 2853/2854/2857)													Constitutively present in both mammalian and yeast cells(Ref. 2853). Intracellular levels 3-5% that of PtdIns4P in smooth muscle and NIH3T3 cells(Ref. 2859). Constitutes 30% of PtdInsP in yeast(Ref. 2865). Levels increase transiently in platelets upon LIBS antibody treatment(Ref. 2866).		PI 3-phosphate is formed by phosphorylation of PI. the reaction catalyzed by PI 3-kinase(Ref. 2853/2867/2868). PI 3-phosphate is also produced by dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,4)P₂ and PtdIns(3,5)P₂ (Ref. 2857/2855). PI 3-phosphate is phosphorylated by PIP 5-kinase (type I PIP kinase), producing PtdIns(3,4)P₂ (Ref. 2858/2869) or PtdIns(3,5)P₂ (Ref. 2858/2859) or by PIP 4-kinase (type II PIP kinase), producing PtdIns(3,4)P₂ (Ref. 2859/2869)	PI 3-kinase(Ref. 5867/5868)		[2853] / [2854] / [2855] / [2857] / [2858] / [2859] / [2865] / [2866] / [2867] / [2868] / [2869]
61		phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate/diphosphoinositide	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 4-phosphate/1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol 4-phosphate	PGP2815	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PtdIns4P/ PI4P				Precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P₂(Ref. 2857). PI 4-phosphate may regulate actin binding proteins(Ref. 2857)													Constitutes approx. 93% of total PtdInsP in NIH3T3 cells(Ref. 2859).	(Ref. 2892)	PI 4-phosphate is formed by phosphorylation of PI, the reaction catalyzed by PI 4-kinase(Ref. 2861/2862/2863). PI 4-phosphate is also produced by dephosphorylation of PtdIns(4,5)P₂ and PtdIns(3,4)P₂(Ref. 2857). PI 4-phosphate is phosphorylated by PIP 5-kinase (type I PIP kinase), producing PtdIns(4,5)P₂ or in vitro by PI 3-kinase, producing PtdIns(3,4)P₂(Ref. 2857/2859).	PI 4-kinase(Ref. 2861/2862/2863).		[2857] / [2859] / [2861] / [2862] / [2863] / [2892]
62		phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 3, 4-bis(phosphate / 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol 3,4-bis(phosphate)	PGP2816	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PtdIns(3,4)P₂				PtdIns(3,4)P₂ involves in the signal transduction mediated by Akt, which is the most well characterized target of PtdIns(3,4)P₂(Ref. 2853).															PtdIns(3,4)P₂ is produced by dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ and by phosphorylation of PtdIns3P(Ref. 2853/2857). In vitro, PtdIns(3,4)P₂ can also be synthesized by phosphorylation of PtdIns4P, the reaction catalyzed by PI 3-kinase(Ref. 2859).			[2853] / [2857] / [2859]
63		phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate / triphosphoinositide	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 4,5-bis(phosphate) / 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol 4,5-bis(phosphate)	PGP2817	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PIP₂, TPI, PtdIns(4,5)P₂				PtdIns(4,5)P₂ is the precursor of the second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P₃ and DG, to which it is hydrolyzed by members of the phospholipase C family on the perception of suitable stimuli(Ref. 2870). PtdIns(4,5)P₂ is also the precursor of the second messenger PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃(Ref. 2868/2870). Involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton(Ref. 2871/2872), intracellular vesiclar trafficking (Ref. 2873), and the function of K+ channels(Ref. 2876/2877). Required in Ca++-sensitive exocytosis in PC12 cells(Ref. 2871) and recycling of the human colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(Ref. 2874). May regulate the subcellular localization or activity of proteins bearing pleckstrin homology (PH) domains(Ref. 2875).															PtdIns(4,5)P₂ is produced by phosphorylation of PtdIns4P, the reaction catalyzed by PIP 5-kinase (type I PIP kinase), and by phosphorylation of PtdIns5P, the reaction catalyzed by PIP 4-kinase (type II PIP kinase) (Ref. 2857/2859).PtdIns(4,5)P₂ can also be synthesized by dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃(Ref. 2857). PtdIns(4,5)P₂ is phosphorylated by PI 3-kinase, producing the second messenger PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃(Ref. 2868).			[2857] / [2859] / [2868] / [2870] / [2871] / [2872] / [2873] / [2874] / [2875] / [2876] / [2877]
64		phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol 3, 4, 5-tris(phosphate) / 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol 3, 4, 5-tris(phosphate)	PGP2818	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PIP₃, PtdIns(3, 4, 5)P₃				Participates in calcium signaling(Ref. 2853/2878), regulation of coating and budding of intracellular vesicles(Ref. 2853/2880/2881), cytoskeleton rearrangements which lead to cell migration(Ref. 2853/2879), and cell proliferation(Ref. 2853).															PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ is produced by phosphorylation of PtdIns(4,5)P₂, the reaction catalyzed by PI 3-kinase(Ref. 2882), and by phosphorylation of PtdIns3P in a concerted reaction, the reaction catalyzed by PIP 5-kinase a and b (type I PIP kinase a and b) (Ref. 2858/2883). PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ can be dephosphorylated by several PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ phosphatases; PTEN tumor suppressor protein, which can dephosphorylate the 3-position(Ref. 2884), and SHIP, which can dephosphorylate the 5-position(Ref. 2885). PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ is resistant to hydrolysis by phospholipase C b g d(Ref. 2886).			[2853] / [2858] / [2878] / [2879] / [2880] / [2881] / [2882] / [2883] / [2884] / [2885] / [2886]
65		phosphatidylinositol, phosphoinositide, monophosphoinositide, inositol phosphoglyceride	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-(3)-phospho-(1)-L-myo-inositol / 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-L-myo-inositol	PGP2819	Masayoshi Fukasawa	PI, PtdIns				Precursor of polyphosphoinositides(Ref. 2868/2872). Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP)-PI complex involves in Golgi secretory function in yeast and phospholipase C signaling and regulated exocytosis in mammalian cells(Ref. 2900/2901)									(Ref. 2889/2890)	ESI-MS(Ref. 2887), CI-MS(Ref. 2888).			ubiquious in nature in amounts ussually corresponding to 5-10% of the total phospholipids(Ref. 2892).	(Ref. 2892)	PI is biosynthesized by the condensation of CDP-diacylglycerol and myo-inositol, the reaction catalyzed by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C(Ref. 2895/2896/2897/2898/2899). In response to various stimuli, PI is phosphorylated by PI 3-kinase and PI 4-kinase, producing PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P, respectively(Ref. 2857). PI can also be phosphorylated by PIPKI (PI 5-kinase), producing PtdIns5P(Ref. 2858).	PI synthase(Ref. 2903/2904). Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C(Ref. 2895/2899). PI 3-kinase(Ref. 2867/2868).PI 4-kinase(Ref. 5861/2862/2863). PI 5-kinase(type I PIP kinase)(Ref. 2857)		[2857] / [2858] / [2862] / [2863] / [2867] / [2868] / [2872] / [2887] / [2888] / [2889] / [2890] / [2892] / [2895] / [2896] / [2897] / [2898] / [2899] / [2900] / [2901]
66		Distearoyl lecithin	1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3001	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₈O₈NP	790.145						collapse pressure, pc=58.0, and cross sectional area, w=35 Å² (Ref. 3001)									chemically synthesized	This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and stearoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
67		Dipalmitoyl lecithin	1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3002	Keizo Waku		C₄₀H₈₀O₈NP	734.039						collapse pressure, pc=63.0, and cross sectional area, w=35 Å² (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and palmitoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
68		Dimyristoyl lecithin	1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3003	Keizo Waku		C₃₆H₇₂O₈NP	677.933						collapse pressure, pc=48.6, and cross sectional area, w=35 Å² (Ref. 3001)									chemically synthesized.	This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and myristoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
69		Dilauroyl lecithin	1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3004	Keizo Waku		C₃₂H₆₄O₈NP	621.826						collapse pressure, pc=45.4, and cross sectional area, w=36 Å² (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and lauroyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
70		Diundecyloyl lecithin	1,2-Undecyloyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3005	Keizo Waku		C₃₀H₆₀O₈NP	593.773						collapse pressure, pc=44.0, and cross sectional area, w=36 Å² (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and undecyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
71		Didecanoyl lecithin	1,2-Decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3006	Keizo Waku		C₂₈H₅₆O₈NP	565.720						collapse pressure, pc=43.8, and cross sectional area, w=38 Å² (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and decanoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
72		Dinonanoyl lecithin	1,2-Dinonanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3007	Keizo Waku		C₂₆H₅₂O₈NP	537.667						collapse pressure, pc=42.7, and cross sectional area, w=38 Å² (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and nonanoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
73		Oleolyl-stearoyl lecithin	1-Oleolyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3008	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₆O₈NP	788.129						collapse pressure, pc=44.4 and cross sectional area, w=54 Å² (Ref. 3001)										Dioleoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and oleoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dioleoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-oleoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with stearoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3001] / [3002]
74		Dioleoyl lecithin	1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3009	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₄O₈NP	786.113						collapse pressure, pc=41.6 and cross sectional area, w=53 Å² (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and oleoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
75		Dilinoleoyl lecithin	1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3010	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₀O₈NP	782.082						collapse pressure, pc=39.3 and cross sectional area, w=543Å² (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and linoleoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
76		Dioctanoyl lecithin	1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3011	Keizo Waku		C₂₄H₄₈O₈NP	509.614						Compressin diagram of this compound was estimated. (Ref. 3001)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and octanoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001]
77		Stearoyl-Oleoyl lecithin	1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3012	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₆O₈NP	788.129						Force-area characteristics of this lecithin was estimated. (Ref. 3003)										Distearoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and stearoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Distearoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-stearoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with oleoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3003]
78		Palmitoyl-linoleoyl lecithin	1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3013	Keizo Waku		C₄₂H₈₀O₈NP	758.060						Force-area characteristics of this lecithin was estimated. (Ref. 3003)										Dipalmitoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and palmitoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dipalmitoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-palmitoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with linoleoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3003]
79		Linoleoyl-palmitoyl lecithin	1-Linoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3014	Keizo Waku		C₄₂H₈₀O₈NP	758.060						Force-area characteristics of this lecithin was estimated. (Ref. 3003)										Dilinoleoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and linoleoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dilinoleoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-linoleoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with palmitoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3003]
80		Palmitoyl-linolenoyl lecithin	1-Palmitoyl-2-linolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3015	Keizo Waku		C₄₂H₇₈O₈NP	756.044						Force-area characteristics of this lecithin was estimated. (Ref. 3003)										Dipalmitoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and palmitoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dipalmitoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-palmitoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with linolenoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3003]
81		Palmitoyl-arachidonoyl lecithin	1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3016	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₀O₈NP	782.082						Force-area characteristics of this lecithin was estimated. (Ref. 3003)										Dipalmitoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and palmitoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dipalmitoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-palmitoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with arachidonoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3003]
82		Palmitoyl-docosahexanoyl lecithin	1-Palmitoyl-2-docosahexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3017	Keizo Waku		C₄₆H₈₀O₈NP	806.103						Force-area characteristics of this lecithin was estimated. (Ref. 3003)										Dipalmitoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and palmitoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dipalmitoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-palmitoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with docosahexanoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3003]
83		Dilinolenoyl lecithin	1,2-Linolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3018	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₇₆O₈NP	778.050						Force-area characteristics of this lecithin was estimated. (Ref. 3003)										This compound was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained fromegg lecithin, and linolenoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3001)				[3001] / [3003]
84		Stearoyl-lauroyl lecithin	1-Stearoyl-2-lauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3019	Keizo Waku		C₃₈H₇₆O₈NP	705.986						Force-area characteristics at 22C was estimated. (Ref. 3004)										Distearoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and stearoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Distearoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-stearoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with lauroyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3004]
85		Linoleoyl-stearoyl lecithin	1-Linoleoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3020	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₄O₈NP	786.113						Force-area characteristics at 22C was estimated. (Ref. 3004)										Dilinoleoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and linoleoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dilinoleoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-linoleoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with stearoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3004]
86		Butanoyl-oleoyl lecithin	1-Butanoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3021	Keizo Waku		C₃₀H₅₈O₈NP	591.757			white solid, 208-209 C				[a]_D= + 5.9 in chloroform (Ref. 3005)									this compound was synthesized from O-benzyl 1-butanoyl-2-oleoyllecithin picrate.				[3005]
87		Oleoyl-Butanoyl lecithin	1-Oleoyl-2-butanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3022	Keizo Waku		C₃₀H₅₈O₈NP	591.757							[a]_D= + 4.9 in chloroform (Ref. 3005)									Dioleoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and oleoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dioleoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-oleoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with butanoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3005]
88		Stearoyl-decanoyl lecithin	1-Stearoyl-2-decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3023	Keizo Waku		C₃₆H₇₂O₈NP	677.933						Initial swelling rate in isotonic glycerol of liposomes was estimated. (Ref. 3006)										Distearoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and stearoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Distearoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-stearoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with decanoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3006]
89		Stearoyl-myristoyl lecithin	1-Stearoyl-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3024	Keizo Waku		C₄₀H₈₀O₈NP	734.039						Initial swelling rate in isotonic glycerol of liposomes was estimated. (Ref. 3006)										Distearoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and stearoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Distearoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-stearoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with myristoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3006]
90		Palmitoyl-oleoyl lecithin	1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3025	Keizo Waku		C₄₂H₈₂O₈NP	760.076						Initial swelling rate in isotonic glycerol of liposomes was estimated. (Ref. 3006)										Dipalmitoyl lecithin was synthesized from L-a-glycerophosphocholine, obtained from egg lecithin, and palmitoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Dipalmitoyl lecithin was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and the resultant 1-palmitoyl glycerophosphocholine was acylated with oleoyl chloride. (Ref. 3002)				[3002] / [3006]
91			2,3-Dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine	PGP3026	Keizo Waku		C₂₀H₄₀O₈NP	453.507							[a]_D= -10.5 in chloroform -methanol 4::1(Ref. 3007)									This compound was isolated from rac-dihexanoyllecithin by the phospholipase A2 hydrolysis . 1,2-Dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was hydrolyzed to lysolecithin and fatty acid. The remaining unhydrolyzed lecithin is 2,3-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
92			2,3-Diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine	PGP3027	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₄₄O₈NP	481.560							[a]_D= -9.8 in chloroform-methanol 4::1(Ref. 3007)									This compound was isolated from rac-diheptanoyllecithin by the phospholipase A2 hydrolysis . 1,2-Diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was hydrolyzed to lysolecithin and fatty acid. The remaining unhydrolyzed lecithin is 2,3-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
93			2,3-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine	PGP3028	Keizo Waku		C₂₄H₄₈O₈NP	509.614							[a]_D= -9.35 in chloroform-methanol 1:1(Ref. 3007)									This compound was isolated from rac-dioctanoyllecithin by the phospholipase A2 hydrolysis . 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was hydrolyzed to lysolecithin and fatty acid. The remaining unhydrolyzed lecithin is 2,3-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
94			rac-1,3-diheptanoylglycero-2-phosphocholine	PGP3029	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₄₄O₈NP	481.560			waxy solid													1,3-Dihepatanoylglyceride was reacted with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride in the presence of triethylamine. The obtained 2-bromoethylester of phosphatidic acid was converted into a lecithin with trimethylamine. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
95			1-Octanoyl-2-(2-methyl)hexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3030	Keizo Waku		C₂₃H₄₆O₈NP	495.587							[a]_D= +7.9 in chloroform (Ref. 3007)									1-Octanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was acylated with 2-methylhexanoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Yield 20 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
96			1-Octanoyl-2-(2,2-dimethyl)pentanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3031	Keizo Waku		C₂₃H₄₆O₈NP	495.587							[a]_D= +10.4 in chloroform (Ref. 3007)									1-Octanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was acylated with 2,2-dimethylpentanoyl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
97			1-Heptanoyl-2-(3,3-dimethyl)butyryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3032	Keizo Waku		C₂₁H₄₂NO₈P	467.534							[a]_D= +8.8 in chloroform (Ref. 3007)									1-Heptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was acylated with 3,3-dimethylbutyryl chloride in anhydrous chloroform. Yield 70% . (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
98			rac-1,2-dibenzoylglycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3033	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₂₈NO₈P	465.433																Dibenzoylphosphatidic acid was converted into this compound with choline tosylate. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
99			rac-1-Octanoyl-2-deoxy-2-octanamidoglycero-3-phosphorylcholine	PGP3034	Keizo Waku		C₂₄H₄₉N₂O₇P	508.629																Introduction of phosphorylcholine into rac-1-Octanoyl-2-deoxy-2-octanamidoglycerol was carried out with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. Yield 20-25 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
100			rac-1-heptanoyl-2-deoxy-2-heptanamidoglycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3035	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₄₅N₂O₇P	480.576																Introduction of phosphorylcholine into rac-1-heptanoyl-2-deoxy-2-heptanamidoglycerol was carried out with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. Yield 20-25 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
101			rac-1-Octanoyl-2-octane sulfonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3036	Keizo Waku		C₂₄H₅₀NO₉PS	559.695																2-Octane sulfonoylglycerol was acylated with octanoylchloride in chloroform and pyridine. The diglyceride was converted into the corresponding lecithin with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. Yield 40 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
102			rac-1-Heptanoyl-2-octylglycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3037	Keizo Waku		C₂₃H₄₈NO₇P	481.604																1-Heptanoyl-2-octylglycerol was converted into the corresponding lecithin with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. Yield 55 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
103			rac-1-Octanoyl-2-deoxy-2-hexylglycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3038	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₄₆NO₆P	451.578																rac-l-Octanoyl-2-deoxy-2-hexylglycerol was converted into the corresponding lecithin with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. Yield 44 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
104			1-Palmitoyl-2-deoxyglycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3039	Keizo Waku		C₂₄H₅₀NO₆P	479.631																Monopalmitoyl ester of 1,3-propanediol was converted into the corresponding lecithin with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
105			1-Palmitoyl-glycol-2-phosphocholine	PGP3040	Keizo Waku		C₂₃H₄₈NO₆P	465.604																Monopalmitoylglycol was converted into the corresponding lecithin with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
106			rac-1,2-Dihexanoylbutanetriol-4-phosphocholine	PGP3041	Keizo Waku		C₂₁H₄₂NO₈P	467.534																1,2-dihexanoylbutanetriol-4-phosphate was converted into lecithin with choline tosylate. Yield 40 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
107			2,2-Dioctanoylhydroxymethyl-propanol-1-phosphorylcholine	PGP3042	Keizo Waku		C₂₆H₅₂NO₈P	537.667																Dioctanoylester of trihydroxyethane was converted into the corresponding lecithin with 2-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride followed by a reaction with trimethylamine. Yield 78 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
108			1,2-Dioctanoyl-3-deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphonic acid	PGP3043	Keizo Waku		C₁₉H₃₆O₆P	391.459																3-Deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid was acylated with octanoic anhydride. Yield 76 %.
109			1,2-Dioctanoyl-3-deoxy-sn-glycero-phosphonylcholine	PGP3044	Keizo Waku		C₂₄H₄₈NO₇P	493.614							[a]_D= +16.9 in chloroform (Ref. 3007)									1,2-Dioctanoyl-3-deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphonic acid was converted into lecithin with choline tosylate. Yield 72 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
110			1,2-Dihexanoyl-3-deoxy-sn-glycero-phosphonylcholine	PGP3045	Keizo Waku		C₂₀H₄₀NO₇P	437.508							[a]_D= +19.8 in chloroform (Ref. 3007)									1,2-Hexanoyl-3-deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphonic acid was converted into lecithin with choline tosylate. Yield 72 %. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
111			rac-1,2-Dioleoyl-3-deoxy-glycero-3-phosphonylcholine	PGP3046	Keizo Waku		C₄₄H₈₄NO₇P	770.114																1,2-Oleoyl-3-deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphonic acid was converted into lecithin with choline tosylate. (Ref. 3007)				[3007]
112			1-Lauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3047	Keizo Waku		C₂₀H₄₂O₇NP	439.524																This compound was prepared from 1,2-dilauroyl-3-glycerophosphocholine with the treatment of Crotalus adamanteus (Phospholipase A). Yield 97 %.
113			1-Myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3048	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₄₆O₇NP	467.577																This compound was prepared from 1,2-myristoyl-3-glycerophosphocholine with the treatment of Crotalus adamanteus (Phospholipase A). Yield 97 %.
114			1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3049	Keizo Waku		C₂₄H₅₀O₇NP	495.630																This compound was prepared from 1,2-palmitoyl-3-glycerophosphocholine with the treatment of Crotalus adamanteus (Phospholipase A). Yield 97 %.
115			1-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3050	Keizo Waku		C₂₆H₅₄O₇NP	523.683																This compound was prepared from 1,2-stearoyl-3-glycerophosphocholine with the treatment of Crotalus adamanteus (Phospholipase A). Yield 97 %.
116			1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3051	Keizo Waku																			This compound was prepared from 1,2-oleoyl-3-glycerophosphocholine with the treatment of Crotalus adamanteus (Phospholipase A). Yield 97 %.
117			1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3052	Keizo Waku																			This compound was prepared from 1,2-linoleoyl-3-glycerophosphocholine with the treatment of Crotalus adamanteus (Phospholipase A). Yield 93 %.
118			rac-1-O-Benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-(dibenzyl)phosphate	PGP3053	Keizo Waku		C₄₂H₆₁O₇P	708.903																This compound was synthesized from 1-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycerol iodohydrin and silver dibenzyl phosphate. This is the starting material of the synthesis of lysophospholipids. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
119			rac-1-O-Benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-(benzyl)phosphate	PGP3054	Keizo Waku		C₃₅H₅₄O₇P	617.773																This compound was synthesized from 1-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-3-(dibenzyl)phosphate and barium iodide with refluxing in absolute acetone. Yield 72 %. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
120			rac-2-Stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP3055	Keizo Waku		C₂₁H₄₂O₇P	437.528																This compound was synthesized from 1-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-(dibenzyl)phosphate with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
121			rac-1-Stearoyl-2-O-benzyl-glycero-3-(dibenzyl)phosphate	PGP3056	Keizo Waku		C₄₂H₆₁O₇P	708.903																This compound was synthesized from 1-stearoyl-2-O-benzyl glycerol iodohydrin and silver dibenzyl phosphate. This is the starting material of the synthesis of lysophospholipids. Yield 94 %. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
122			rac-1-Stearoyl-2-O-benzyl-glycero-3-(benzyl)phosphate	PGP3057	Keizo Waku		C₃₅H₅₄O₇P	617.773																This compound was synthesized from 1-stearoyl-2-O-benzyl-3-(dibenzyl)phosphate with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
123			rac-1-Stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP3058	Keizo Waku		C₂₁H₄₂O₇P	437.528																This compound was synthesized from 1-stearoyl-2-O-benzyl-3-(dibenzyl)phosphate with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
124			rac-1-O-Benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine	PGP3059	Keizo Waku		C₃₂H₅₇NO₇P	598.771																The silver salt of 1-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-(benzyl)phosphate and 2-bromo-ethyl N,N-dimethylamine picrate dissolved in dry toluene were refluxed. Yield 50 %. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
125			rac-2-Stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine	PGP3060	Keizo Waku		C₂₅H₅₁NO₇P	508.649																This compound was synthesized from1-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
126			rac-1-Stearoyl-2-benzyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine	PGP3061	Keizo Waku		C₃₂H₅₇NO₇P	598.771																The silver salt of 1-stearoyl-2-benzyl-glycero-3-(benzyl)phosphate and 2-bromo-ethyl N,N-dimethylamine picrate dissolved in dry toluene were refluxed. Yield 62 %. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
127			rac-1-Stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine	PGP3062	Keizo Waku		C₂₅H₅₁NO₇P	508.649																This compound was synthesized from1-O-stearoyl-2-benzyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
128			rac-1-O-Benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3063	Keizo Waku		C₃₃H₆₀NO₇P	613.806																This compound was synthesized from rac-1-O-Benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine and methyl iodide. Yield 82 %. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
129			rac-2-Stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine	PGP3064	Keizo Waku		C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P	523.683																This compound was synthesized from1-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
130			rac-1-Stearoyl-2-O-benzyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine	PGP3065	Keizo Waku		C₃₃H₆₀NO₇P	613.806																This compound was synthesized from rac-1-stearoyl-2-O-benzyl-glycero-3-phosphoryl-(N,N-dimethyl)ethanolamine and methyl iodide. Yield 60 %. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
131			rac-1-Stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine	PGP3066	Keizo Waku		C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P	523.683																This compound was synthesized from1-stearoyl-2-O-benzyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
132			1-O-Benzyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	PGP3067	Keizo Waku		C₁₅H₂₆NO₆P	347.344																This compound was prepared from rac-l-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycerophosphocholine by treating with phospholipase A. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
133			2-Stearoyl-3-O-benzyl-sn-glycero-l-phosphocholine	PGP3068	Keizo Waku		C₃₃H₆₀NO₇P	613.806																rac-l-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycerophosphocholine was hydrolyzed by phospholipase A. Unhydrolyzed compound was isolated as this compound. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
134			2-Stearoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphorylcholine	PGP3069	Keizo Waku		C₂₆H₅₄NO₇P	523.683							[a]_D= -3.89 in chloroform-methanol (9:1) (Ref. 3009)									This compound was synthesized from 3-O-benzyl-2-stearoyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine with palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmospphere. (Ref. 3009)				[3009]
135			1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3070	Keizo Waku		C₃₇H₇₄O₈NP	691.959						Force-area of this compound and cholesterol was estimated. (Ref. 3004)										This compound was synthesized according to the method described in (Ref. 3002).				[3002] / [3004]
136			1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3071	Keizo Waku		C₄₁H₈₀O₈NP	746.050						Mean molecular area for mixed monolayers of cholesterol and this compound. (Ref. 3004)										This compound was synthesized according to the method described in (Ref. 3002).				[3002] / [3004]
137			1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3072	Keizo Waku		C₃₉H₇₄O₈NP	715.981						Force-area of this compound and cholesterol was estimated. (Ref. 3004)										This compound was synthesized according to the method described in (Ref. 3002).				[3002] / [3004]
138			1-Palmitoyl-2-linolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3073	Keizo Waku		C₃₉H₇₂O₈NP	713.965						Force-area of this compound and cholesterol was estimated. (Ref. 3004)										This compound was synthesized according to the method described in (Ref. 3002).				[3002] / [3004]
139			1-Linolenoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3074	Keizo Waku		C₃₉H₇₂O₈NP	713.965						Force-area of this compound and cholesterol was estimated. (Ref. 3004)										This compound was synthesized according to the method described in (Ref. 3002).				[3002] / [3004]
140			1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3075	Keizo Waku		C₃₉H₇₆O₈NP	717.996		This compound was hydrolyzed by the purified lipase from the mold Rhizopus arrhizus. (Ref. 3010)														This compound was synthesized according to the method described in (Ref. 3002).				[3002] / [3010]
141			1-Oleoyl-2-isolauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-1'-sn-glycerol	PGP3076	Keizo Waku		C₃₆H₆₈O₁₀P	691.893		This compound was hydrolyzed by the purified lipase from the mold Rhizopus arrhizus. (Ref. 3010)														This compound was synthesized by the method described in (Ref. 3011)				[3010] / [3011]
142			1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-1'-sn-glycerol	PGP3077	Keizo Waku		C₄₀H₇₆O₁₀P	747.999		This compound was hydrolyzed by the purified lipase from the mold Rhizopus arrhizus. (Ref. 3010)					[a]_D= +1.02 in chloroform (Ref. 3011)									This compound was synthesized by the method described in (Ref. 3011) . Yield 85 %.				[3010] / [3011]
143			rac-1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycero-3-phosphoryl-1'-(3'-DL-alanyl)-glycerol	PGP3078	Keizo Waku		C₄₃H₈₂NO₁₁P	820.085		This compound was hydrolyzed by the purified lipase from the mold Rhizopus arrhizus. (Ref. 3010)	181-183C (Ref. 3012)													This compound was synthesized by the method described in (Ref. 3012).				[3010] / [3012]
144			1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP3079	Keizo Waku		C₃₇H₇₁O₈P	674.929																This compound was synthesized from 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycero-3-(O-p-bromobenzyl)phosphoric acid and barium iodide. (Ref. 3013)				[3013]
145			1-Oleoyl-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP3080	Keizo Waku		C₃₅H₆₇O₈P	646.875			61-63C				[a]_D= +2.05 in chloroform (Ref. 3013)									This compound was synthesized from silver salt of di-t-butyl phosphate and 1-oleoyl-3-myristoyl-glycero-3-iodohydrin. (Ref. 3013)				[3013]
146			1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3081	Keizo Waku		C₄₁H₇₈NO₈P	744.034			195-200C (Ref. 3014)				[a]_D= +6.0 in chloroform (Ref. 3014)									This compound was synthesized from 1,2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-(benzyl 2-tritylaminoethyl phosphate). (Ref. 3014)				[3014]
147			1,2-Elaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3082	Keizo Waku		C₄₁H₇₈NO₈P	744.034			193C (Ref. 3014)				[a]_D= +6.1 in chloroform (Ref. 3014)									This compound was synthesized from 1,2-elaidoyl-sn-glycerol 3-(benzyl 2-tritylaminoethyl phosphate). (Ref. 3014)				[3014]
148			1-Palmitoyl-DL-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3083	Keizo Waku	lysoPE	C₂₁H₄₄NO₇P	453.550			212C (Ref. 3014)													This compound was synthesized from the phosphate triester. (Ref. 3014)				[3014]
149			2-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine	PGP3084	Keizo Waku		C₂₁H₄₄NO₇P	453.550																The crude fully protected phosphatide of this compound was hydrogenated over palladium-charcoal in absolute ethanol. (Ref. 3014)				[3014]
150			1-Palmitoyl-DL-glycerol 3-(2-methylaminoethyl hydrogen phosphate)	PGP3085	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₄₆NO₇P	467.577			200C (Ref. 3014)													The triester of this compound was debenzylated in dry acetone in the presence of dry sodium iodide at reflux temperature. (Ref. 3014)				[3014]
151			rac-1,2-Dihexanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine	PGP3086	Keizo Waku		C₁₈H₃₄NO₁₀P	455.437		Thromboplastic activity (expressed as inverse minimum clotting times) was estimated.														This compound has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-iodohydrins with the silver salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-(monophenyl)phosphorylserine benzyl ester, followed by removal of the blocking group. (Ref. 3015)				[3015]
152			rac-1,2-Dioctanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine	PGP3087	Keizo Waku		C₂₂H₄₂NO₁₀P	511.543		Thromboplastic activity (expressed as inverse minimum clotting times) was estimated.														This compound has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-iodohydrins with the silver salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-(monophenyl)phosphorylserine benzyl ester, followed by removal of the blocking group. (Ref. 3015)				[3015]
153			rac-1,2-Didecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine	PGP3088	Keizo Waku		C₂₆H₅₀NO₁₀P	567.650		Thromboplastic activity (expressed as inverse minimum clotting times) was estimated.														This compound has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-iodohydrins with the silver salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-(monophenyl)phosphorylserine benzyl ester, followed by removal of the blocking group. (Ref. 3015)				[3015]
154			rac-1,2-Dilauroyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine	PGP3089	Keizo Waku		C₃₀H₅₈NO₁₀P	623.756		Thromboplastic activity (expressed as inverse minimum clotting times) was estimated.														This compound has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycerol-3-iodohydrins with the silver salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-(monophenyl)phosphorylserine benzyl ester, followed by removal of the blocking group. (Ref. 3015)				[3015]
155			rac-1,2-Dimiristoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine	PGP3090	Keizo Waku		C₃₄H₆₆NO₁₀P	679.862		Thromboplastic activity (expressed as inverse minimum clotting times) was estimated.														This compound has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-dimiristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-iodohydrins with the silver salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-(monophenyl)phosphorylserine benzyl ester, followed by removal of the blocking group. (Ref. 3015)				[3015]
156			rac-1,2-Dipalmitoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine	PGP3091	Keizo Waku		C₃₈H₇₄NO₁₀P	735.969																This compound has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-iodohydrins with the silver salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-(monophenyl)phosphorylserine benzyl ester, followed by removal of the blocking group. (Ref. 3015)				[3015]
157			rac-1,2-Distearoyl-glycero-3-phosphoserine	PGP3092	Keizo Waku		C₄₂H₈₂NO₁₀P	792.075																This compound has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycerol-3-iodohydrins with the silver salt of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-(monophenyl)phosphorylserine benzyl ester, followed by removal of the blocking group. (Ref. 3015)				[3015]
158		Phosphatidylinositol	1D-l-O-(1'-Palmitoyl-2'-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3'-phosphoryl)-myo-inositol	PGP3093	Keizo Waku		C₄₃H₈₄NO₁₃P	854.100			172-174C (Ref. 3016)				[a]_D= +6.1 in chloroform (Ref. 3016)									This compound was synthesized from 1D-2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-acetyl-myo-inositol-1-(1'-palmitoyl-2'-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3')phosphate with treatment of hydrazine hydrate. Yield 67 %. (Ref. 3016)				[3016]
159			1L-l-O-(1'-Palmitoyl-2'-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3'-phosphoryl)-myo-inositol	PGP3094	Keizo Waku		C₄₃H₈₄NO₁₃P	854.100			169-172C (Ref. 3016)				[a]_D= +9.2 in chloroform (Ref. 3016)									This compound was synthesized from 1L-2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-acetyl-myo-inositol-1-(1'-palmitoyl-2'-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3')phosphate with treatment of hydrazine hydrate. Yield 57 %. (Ref. 3016)				[3016]
160		1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate	PGP4001	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	LPA/lysoPA	C₁₉H₃₉O₇P	410.483		Lysophosphatidic acid was identified as a vasopressor lipid in soybean flour in 1978 (Ref. 4004). Intravenous injection of lysophosphatidic acid causes hypertension in rats and guinea pigs, but hypotension in cats and rabbits (Ref. 4005). Lysophosphatidic acid evokes platelet aggregation in human and feline (Ref. 4006), and shows the pleiotrophic growth factor-like actions (Ref. 4007) . It has the mitogenic action on various eukaryotic cells (Ref. 4008/4009), induces stress fiber formation/cell rounding/neurite retraction (Ref. 4002/4009), tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4009/4010), and prevents apoptosis (Ref. 4011).													Lysophosphatidic acid level in rats was estimated to be 20-90 nmol/g tissue, its level in various organs decreasing in the order; brain> liver> kidney> testis> heart> lung(Ref. 4001). Lysophosphatidic acid is a lipid mediator relatively abundant in vertebrate serum (Ref. 4002), and present in an aqueous humor and a lacrimal gland fluid of rabbit eyes (Ref. 4003). Lysophosphatidic acid was identified as a vasopressor lipid in soybean flour(Ref. 4004).		Two possible mechanisms for the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid in plasma and sera of animals have been reported. One is a route involving lysophospholipase D that selectively attacks lysophosphatidylcholine to form lysophosphatidic acid (Ref. 4007). The other possible source of lysophosphatidic acid formation in the circulation is its release from activated platelets (Ref. 4002). It is suggested that intracellular lysophosphatidic acid is produced by the action of membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-specific phospholipase A₂ (Ref. 4016) or phospholipase A₁ (Ref. 4017). On the other hand, lysophosphatidic acid is an intermediate molecule of de novo synthesis of glycerophospholipids in animal and plant cells.	Sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid are the two well-characterized phospholipid growth factors. Several receptor gene families, including PSP24 (Ref. 4012) and EDG(Ref. 4013/4014/4015), which are members of G protein-coupled receptors, show cellular responses to lysophosphatidic acid. Only EDG1 binds to both sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid, although the latter has a 20-fold lower binding affinity. The EDG2,4 and 7 receptors bind lysophosphatidic acid, whereas the EDG3,5 and 6 receptors only bind sphingosine 1-phosphate.		[4001] / [4002] / [4003] / [4004] / [4005] / [4006] / [4007] / [4008] / [4009] / [4010] / [4011] / [4012] / [4013] / [4014] / [4015] / [4016] / [4017]
161		1-stearoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate	PGP4002	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	LPA/lysoPA	C₂₁H₄₃O₇P	438.536		Lysophosphatidic acid was identified as a vasopressor lipid in soybean flour in 1978 (Ref. 4004). Intravenous injection of lysophosphatidic acid causes hypertension in rats and guinea pigs, but hypotension in cats and rabbits (Ref. 4005). Lysophosphatidic acid evokes platelet aggregation in human and feline (Ref. 4006), and shows the pleiotrophic growth factor-like actions (Ref. 4007) . It has the mitogenic action on various eukaryotic cells (Ref. 4008/4009), induces stress fiber formation/cell rounding/neurite retraction (Ref. 4002/4009), tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4009/4010), and prevents apoptosis (Ref. 4011).													Lysophosphatidic acid level in rats was estimated to be 20-90 nmol/g tissue, its level in various organs decreasing in the order; brain> liver> kidney> testis> heart> lung(Ref. 4001). Lysophosphatidic acid is a lipid mediator relatively abundant in vertebrate serum (Ref. 4002), and present in an aqueous humor and a lacrimal gland fluid of rabbit eyes (Ref. 4003). Lysophosphatidic acid was identified as a vasopressor lipid in soybean flour(Ref. 4004).		Two possible mechanisms for the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid in plasma and sera of animals have been reported. One is a route involving lysophospholipase D that selectively attacks lysophosphatidylcholine to form lysophosphatidic acid (Ref. 4007). The other possible source of lysophosphatidic acid formation in the circulation is its release from activated platelets (Ref. 4002). It is suggested that intracellular lysophosphatidic acid is produced by the action of membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-specific phospholipase A₂ (Ref. 4016) or phospholipase A₁ (Ref. 4017). On the other hand, lysophosphatidic acid is an intermediate molecule of de novo synthesis of glycerophospholipids in animal and plant cells.	Sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid are the two well-characterized phospholipid growth factors. Several receptor gene families, including PSP24 (Ref. 4012) and EDG(Ref. 4013/4014/4015), which are members of G protein-coupled receptors, show cellular responses to lysophosphatidic acid. Only EDG1 binds to both sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid, although the latter has a 20-fold lower binding affinity. The EDG2,4 and 7 receptors bind lysophosphatidic acid, whereas the EDG3,5 and 6 receptors only bind sphingosine 1-phosphate.		[4001] / [4002] / [4003] / [4004] / [4005] / [4006] / [4007] / [4008] / [4009] / [4010] / [4011] / [4012] / [4013] / [4014] / [4015] / [4016] / [4017]
162		1-oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate	PGP4003	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	LPA/lysoPA	C₂₁H₄₁O₇P	436.520		Lysophosphatidic acid was identified as a vasopressor lipid in soybean flour in 1978 (Ref. 4004). Intravenous injection of lysophosphatidic acid causes hypertension in rats and guinea pigs, but hypotension in cats and rabbits (Ref. 4005). Lysophosphatidic acid evokes platelet aggregation in human and feline (Ref. 4006), and shows the pleiotrophic growth factor-like actions (Ref. 4007) . It has the mitogenic action on various eukaryotic cells (Ref. 4008/4009), induces stress fiber formation/cell rounding/neurite retraction (Ref. 4002/4009), tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4009/4010), and prevents apoptosis (Ref. 4011). 1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid evoked greater Ca²⁺ and cAMP responses of the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 than lysophosphatidic acid with saturated fatty acids. It was suggested that one of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor, EDG7 may account for these response (Ref. 4014).													Lysophosphatidic acid level in rats was estimated to be 20-90 nmol/g tissue, its level in various organs decreasing in the order; brain> liver> kidney> testis> heart> lung(Ref. 4001). Lysophosphatidic acid is a lipid mediator relatively abundant in vertebrate serum (Ref. 4002), and present in an aqueous humor and a lacrimal gland fluid of rabbit eyes (Ref. 4003). Lysophosphatidic acid was identified as a vasopressor lipid in soybean flour(Ref. 4004).		Two possible mechanisms for the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid in plasma and sera of animals have been reported. One is a route involving lysophospholipase D that selectively attacks lysophosphatidylcholine to form lysophosphatidic acid (Ref. 4007). The other possible source of lysophosphatidic acid formation in the circulation is its release from activated platelets (Ref. 4002). It is suggested that intracellular lysophosphatidic acid is produced by the action of membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-specific phospholipase A₂ (Ref. 4016) or phospholipase A₁ (Ref. 4017). On the other hand, lysophosphatidic acid is an intermediate molecule of de novo synthesis of glycerophospholipids in animal and plant cells.	Sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid are the two well-characterized phospholipid growth factors. Several receptor gene families, including PSP24 (Ref. 4012) and EDG(Ref. 4013/4014/4015), which are members of G protein-coupled receptors, show cellular responses to lysophosphatidic acid. Only EDG1 binds to both sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid, although the latter has a 20-fold lower binding affinity. The EDG2,4 and 7 receptors bind lysophosphatidic acid, whereas the EDG3,5 and 6 receptors only bind sphingosine 1-phosphate.		[4001] / [4002] / [4003] / [4004] / [4005] / [4006] / [4007] / [4008] / [4009] / [4010] / [4011] / [4012] / [4013] / [4014] / [4015] / [4016] / [4017]
163		1-palmitoyl cyclic phosphatidic acid	1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate	PGP4004	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	cPA/cyclic PA	C₁₉H₃₇O₆P	392.467		The naturally occurring cPA and some of their analogs showed a variety of biological activities including i) antiproliferative effect on eukaryotic cells (Ref. 4024), ii) regulation of actin rearrangement (Ref. 4024), and iii) inhibition of tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4022). The significance of a cyclic phosphate in their structure on the biological activities was demonstrated.										Electrospray ionization (ESI)-Mass spectrometry analysis was performed (Ref. 4023). Product ion spectra of negative mode ESI-MS/MS is shown in [Spectrum 0001] .			cPA was detected and isolated as a physiological constituent of human serum (Ref. 4023) and aqueous humor of rabbit eyes (Ref. 4003).	cPA can be chemically synthesized acording to the method described previously (Ref. 4019).	The biosynthetic enzyme activity of cPA was detected in sera from rat, bovine and human using lysophosphatidylcholine as a substrate. The reaction is considered to be catalyzed by phospholipase D-like enzyme.			[4003] / [4019] / [4022] / [4023] / [4024]
164		1-palmitoleoyl cyclic phosphatidic acid	1-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate	PGP4005	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	cPA/cyclic PA	C₁₉H₃₅O₆P	390.451		The naturally occurring cPA and some of their analogs showed a variety of biological activities including i) antiproliferative effect on eukaryotic cells (Ref. 4024), ii) regulation of actin rearrangement (Ref. 4024), and iii) inhibition of tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4022). The significance of a cyclic phosphate in their structure on the biological activities was demonstrated.														cPA can be chemically synthesized acording to the method described previously (Ref. 4019).	The biosynthetic enzyme activity of cPA was detected in sera from rat, bovine and human using lysophosphatidylcholine as a substrate. The reaction is considered to be catalyzed by phospholipase D-like enzyme.			[4019] / [4022] / [4024]
165		1-oleoyl cyclic phosphatidic acid	1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate	PGP4006	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	cPA/cyclic PA	C₂₁H₃₉O₆P	418.505		The naturally occurring cPA and some of their analogs showed a variety of biological activities including i) antiproliferative effect on eukaryotic cells (Ref. 4024), ii) regulation of actin rearrangement (Ref. 4024), and iii) inhibition of tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4022). The significance of a cyclic phosphate in their structure on the biological activities was demonstrated.														cPA can be chemically synthesized acording to the method described previously (Ref. 4019).	The biosynthetic enzyme activity of cPA was detected in sera from rat, bovine and human using lysophosphatidylcholine as a substrate. The reaction is considered to be catalyzed by phospholipase D-like enzyme.			[4019] / [4022] / [4024]
166			1-O-[9',10'-methanohexadecanoyl]-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate	PGP4007	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	PHYLPA	C₂₀H₃₇O₆P	404.478		PHYLPA shows selective inhibition of a family of DNA polymerase a (Ref. 4018/4020). PHYLPA inhibits proliferation of human fibroblast cells in a reversible manner (Ref. 4021). It elicits an increase in cAMP and inositol phosphate generation in the cells as well as a transient rise in cytosolic free Ca²⁺. PHYLPA also shows an inhibition of tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4022).								The IR spectrum was reported (Ref. 4018) [Spectrum 0001] .	The ¹H NMR spectrum was shown (Ref. 4018) [Spectrum 0002] .	The Fast atom bombardment mass spectrum was reported (Ref. 4018) [Spectrum 0003] .		The partially purified compounds from myxoamoebae of Physarum polycephalum were applied on a column of TSK-ODS-80TM (Ref. 4025) [Chromatogram 0001]. 1-O-[9',10'-Methanohexadecanoyl]-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate was eluted at peak (a), and 1-O-[11',12'-methanooctadecanoyl]-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate was at peak (b).	The compound was isolated from the lipids extracted from myxoamoebae of a true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum (Ref. 4018).	Four possible stereoisomers of PHYLPA were chemically synthesized in enantioselective manners (Ref. 4019). The synthetic route involves the initial coupling of cyclopropane-containing hexadecanoic acid with isopropylidene glycerol, followed by deacetalization and final transformation to a cyclic phosphate.				[4018] / [4019] / [4020] / [4021] / [4022] / [4025]
167			1-O-[11',12'-methanooctadecanoyl]-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate	PGP4008	Tetsuyuki Kobayashi	PHYLPA	C₂₂H₄₁O₆P	432.531		PHYLPA shows selective inhibition of a family of DNA polymerase a (Ref. 4018/4020). PHYLPA inhibits proliferation of human fibroblast cells in a reversible manner (Ref. 4021). It elicits an increase in cAMP and inositol phosphate generation in the cells as well as a transient rise in cytosolic free Ca²⁺. PHYLPA also shows an inhibition of tumor cell invasion (Ref. 4022).										The fast atom bombardment mass spectrum was reported (Ref. 4018) [Spectrum 0001] .		The partially purified compounds from myxoamoebae of Physarum polycephalum were applied on a column of TSK-ODS-80TM (Ref. 4025) [Chromatogram 0001]. 1-O-[9',10'-Methanohexadecanoyl]-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate was eluted at peak (a), and 1-O-[11',12'-methanooctadecanoyl]-sn-glycerol 2,3-cyclic phosphate was at peak (b).	The compound was isolated from the lipids extracted from myxoamoebae of a true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum (Ref. 4025).	Four possible stereoisomers of PHYLPA were chemically synthesized in enantioselective manners (Ref. 4019). The synthetic route involves the initial coupling of cyclopropane-containing hexadecanoic acid with isopropylidene glycerol, followed by deacetalization and final transformation to a cyclic phosphate.				[4018] / [4019] / [4020] / [4021] / [4022] / [4025]
168		alkyl-glycerophosphate/alkyl lysophosphatidic acid/lysoplasmanic acid	1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4501	Takehiko Yokomizo	alkyl-GP/ alkyl LPA/ALPA				Mobilizes intracellular calcium (Ref. 4501) probably through a family of G protein-coupled receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4509/4510/4511). Activates phospholipases A2 and C and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human platelets (Ref. 4504). Stimulates platelet aggregatioin and neuronal cell rounding (Ref. 4505/4506).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).			Exists substantially in brain (Ref. 4502) and slightly in hen egg (Ref. 4503). Increases in ascitic fluids of ovarian cancer patients (Ref. 4509).		Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosohate by glycerol-3-phosohate acyltransferase, or from monoalkylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4501/4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoalkylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4501/4517)			[4501] / [4502] / [4503] / [4504] / [4505] / [4506] / [4509] / [4510] / [4511] / [4517]
169		alkenyl-glycerophosphate/alkenyl lysophsphatidic acid	1-alkenyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4502	Takehiko Yokomizo	alkenyl-GP/ alkenyl LPA				Mobilizes intracellular calcium probably through G protein-coupled receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4507/4508/4509/4510/4511). May play a role in corneal wound healing (Ref. 4508).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).			Increases in ascitic fluids of ovarian cancer patients (Ref. 4509).					[4507] / [4508] / [4509] / [4510] / [4511]
170		2-oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4503	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-oleoyl LPA	C₂₁H₄₁O₇P	436.520		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
171		1-linoleoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4504	Takehiko Yokomizo	1-linoleoyl LPA	C₂₁H₃₉O₇P	434.504		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
172		2-linoleoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4505	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-linoleoyl LPA	C₂₁H₃₉O₇P	434.504		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).			Increases in ascitic fluids of ovarian cancer patients.		Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
173		1-linolenoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-linolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4506	Takehiko Yokomizo	1-linolenoyl LPA	C₂₁H₃₇O₇P	432.488		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
174		2-linolenoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-linolenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4507	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-linolenoyl LPA	C₂₁H₃₇O₇P	432.488		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
175		1-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4508	Takehiko Yokomizo	1-arachidonoyl LPA	C₂₃H₃₉O₇P	458.525		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.									Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4511] / [4517]
176		2-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4509	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-arachidonoyl LPA	C₂₃H₃₉O₇P	458.525		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.									Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4511] / [4517]
177		1-myristoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4510	Takehiko Yokomizo	1-myristoyl LPA	C₁₇H₃₅O₇P	382.429		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
178		2-myristoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4511	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-myristoyl LPA	C₁₇H₃₅O₇P	382.429		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
179		2-palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4512	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-palmitoyl LPA	C₁₉H₃₉O₇P	410.483		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
180		2-stearoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4513	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-stearoyl LPA	C₂₁H₄₃O₇P	438.536		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
181		1-elaidoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-elaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4514	Takehiko Yokomizo	1-elaidoyl LPA	C₂₁H₄₁O₇P	436.520		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
182		2-elaidoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-elaidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4515	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-elaidoyl LPA	C₂₁H₄₁O₇P	436.520		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
183		1-palmitoleoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4516	Takehiko Yokomizo	1-palmitoleoyl LPA	C₁₉H₃₇O₇P	408.467		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
184		1-petroselinoyl lysophosphatidic acid	1-petroselinoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4517	Takehiko Yokomizo	1-petroselinoyl LPA	C₂₁H₄₁O₇P	436.520		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
185		2-petroselinoyl lysophosphatidic acid	2-petroselinoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4518	Takehiko Yokomizo	2-petroselinoyl LPA	C₂₁H₄₁O₇P	436.520		Acts through a family of G protein-coupled receptors called Edg receptors (Edg2, 4, 7) (Ref. 4511). Edg7 has higher affinity to LPAs with 2-acyl fattty acid chains (Ref. 4511). Mobilizes intracellular calcium. Decreases cAMP (Ref. 4517). Activates cell proliferation as well as inhibits cell growth (Ref. 4517). Stimulates smooth muscle contraction, neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation (Ref. 4517). Inhibits apoptosis (Ref. 4517).						Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.				ESI/MS (Ref. 4509).					Synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, or from monoacylglycerol by kinases, or from phosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phospholipase A2, or from lysophospholipid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4517). Degraded to phosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase or monoacylglycerol by phosphatases (Ref. 4517).			[4509] / [4511] / [4517]
186		lysophosphatidylserine/ 1-acyl-2-lyso-phosphatidylserine	1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-L-Serine]	PGP4519	Takehiko Yokomizo	LPS/ Lyso PS	C₂₁H₄₁O₇P	436.520		Enhances the secretory response of rat peritoneal mast cells (Ref. 4513). Mobilizes intracellular calcium in ovarian and breast cancer cells (Ref. 4514) as well as in Jurkat T cells (Ref. 4515). Potentiates differentiation of PC12 cells (Ref. 4516). May have a similar function to lysophosphatidic acid.						Short Chain (C6-C8): Soluble in chloroform and water. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Long Chain Saturated or Unsaturated (C10-C18): Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in diethyl ether and acetone. Due to the high transition temperatures of the saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.							Exists rich in brain. Incereased in animal tissues after injury.		Synthesized from phosphatidylserine by phospholipase A2 (Ref. 4516). Degraded to phosphatidylserine by lysophospholipid acyltransferase, or to lysophosphatidic acid by lysophospholipid phospholipase D (Ref. 4516).			[4513] / [4514] / [4515] / [4516]
187		phosphatidic acid/ plasmanic acid	1-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate/1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate	PGP4520	Takehiko Yokomizo	PA				Have similar functions to lysophosphatidic acid (Ref. 4518). But principal effects of phosphatidic acid may be mediated by its conversion to diacylglycerol (DAG) or lysophosphatidic acid (Ref. 4518).						Short Chain (C6-C8): Soluble in chloroform and water. Insoluble in acetone. Long Chain Saturated or Unsaturated (C10-C18): Soluble in chloroform and toluene. Insoluble in acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water. Due to the high transition temperatures of saturated products, it may be necessary to heat the solvent to solubilize the compound. Also, a small amount of methanol (0.1%) and water (0.05%) may be needed to hydrate the compound.	T								Synthesized from diacylglycerol by diacylglycerol kinase, or from lysophosphatidic acid by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, or from phospholipid by phospholipase D (Ref. 4518). Degraded to diacylglycerol by phosphatidic acid phosphatase, or to lysophosphatidic acid by phosphatidic acid phosphatase (Ref. 4518).			[4518]

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AUTHOR	:	Fadok, V. A., Voelker, D. R., Campbell, P. A., Cohen, J. J., Bratton, D. L., and Henson, P. M.
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AUTHOR	:	Kuge, O., and Nishijima, M.
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AUTHOR	:	Matsumoto, K.
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AUTHOR	:	Yamashita, S., and Nikawa, J.
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AUTHOR	:	Kuge, O., Nishijima, M., and Akamatsu, Y.
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AUTHOR	:	Kuge, O., Saito, K., and Nishijima, M.
TITLE	:	Cloning of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cDNA encoding phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) II, overexpression of which suppresses the phosphatidylserine biosynthetic defect of a PSS I-lacking mutant of CHO-K1 cells PubMed ID:9235902
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AUTHOR	:	Stone, S. J., Cui, Z., and Vance, J. E.
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AUTHOR	:	DeChavigny, A., Heacock, P. N., and Dowhan, W.
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AUTHOR	:	Kuge, O., Saito, K., Kojima, M., Akamatsu, Y., and Nishijima, M.
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AUTHOR	:	Trotter, P. J., Pedretti, J., and Voelker, D. R.
TITLE	:	Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation of mutants, cloning of the gene, and creation of a null allele PubMed ID:8407984
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VOL	:	268 PAGE : 21416-21424 (1993)

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AUTHOR	:	Clancey, C. J., Chang, S. C., and Dowhan, W.
TITLE	:	Cloning of a gene (PSD1) encoding phosphatidylserine decarboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant PubMed ID:8227017
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AUTHOR	:	Trotter, P. J., Pedretti, J., Yates, R., and Voelker, D. R.
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AUTHOR	:	Chen,S-H., and Kou,A.Y.
TITLE	:	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Methylated Phospholipids. PubMed ID:7153275
JOURNAL	:	J. Chromatogr.
VOL	:	232 PAGE : 237-249 (1982)

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AUTHOR	:	Tanaka,Y., Doi.,O., and Akamatsu,Y.
TITLE	:	Solubilization and Properties of a Phosphatidylethanolamine-Dependent Methyltransferase System for Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis from Mouse Liver Microsomes. PubMed ID:465026
JOURNAL	:	Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
VOL	:	87 PAGE : 1109-1115 (1979)

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AUTHOR	:	Bremer,J., and Greenberg,D.M.
TITLE	:	Mono- and Dimethylethanolamine Isolated from Rat-Liver Phospholipids.
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 287-288 (1959)

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AUTHOR	:	Lester,R.L., and White,D.C.
TITLE	:	Quantitative Gas-Liquid Chromatograpic Analysis of Ethanolamine, Monomethyl Ethanolamine, and Dimethyl Ethanolamine from Lipids. PubMed ID:6057486
JOURNAL	:	J. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	8 PAGE : 565-568 (1967)

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[2405]

AUTHOR	:	Hall,M.O., and Nyc,J.F.
TITLE	:	The Isolation and Characterization of Phospholipids Containing Mono- and Dimethylethanolamine from Neurospora crassa.
JOURNAL	:	J. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	2 PAGE : 321-327 (1961)

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[2406]

AUTHOR	:	Baumann,N.A., Hagen,P-O., and Goldfine,H.
TITLE	:	Phospholipids of Clostridium butyricum, Studies on Plasmalogen Composition and Biosynthesis.
JOURNAL	:	J. Biol. Chem.
VOL	:	240 PAGE : 1559-1567 (1965)

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[2407]

AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phhosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

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[2408]

AUTHOR	:	Kodaki,T., and Yamashita,S.
TITLE	:	Yeast Phosphatidylethanolamine Methylation Pathway. Cloning and Characterization of Two Distinct Methyltransferase Genes. PubMed ID:2445736
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VOL	:	262 PAGE : 15428-15435 (1987)

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[2409]

AUTHOR	:	Cui,Z., Vance,J.E., Chen,M.H., Voelker,D.R., and Vance,D.E.
TITLE	:	Cloning and Expression of a Novel Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase. A Specific Biochemical and Cytological Marker for a Unique Membrane Fraction in Rat Liver. PubMed ID:8344945
JOURNAL	:	J. Biol. Chem.
VOL	:	268 PAGE : 16655-16663 (1993)

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[2410]

AUTHOR	:	Hsieh,C.H., and Wu,W.G.
TITLE	:	Molecular Order and Hydration Property of Amine Group in Phosphatidylethanolamine and Its N-Methyl Derivatives at Subzero Temperatures. PubMed ID:8599659
JOURNAL	:	Biophys. J.
VOL	:	69 PAGE : 2521-2530 (1995)

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[2411]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

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AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

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[2413]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

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[2414]

AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

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[2415]

AUTHOR	:	Siegel,D.P., and Banschbach,J.L.
TITLE	:	Lamellar / Inverted Cubic Phase Transition in N-Methylated Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:2383567
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	29 PAGE : 5975-5981 (1990)

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[2416]

AUTHOR	:	Gruner,S.M., Tate,M.W., Kirk,G.L., So,P.T.C., Turner,D.C., and Keane,D.T.
TITLE	:	X-ray Diffraction Study of the Polymorphic Behavior of N-Methylated Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:3401452
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	27 PAGE : 2853-2866 (1988)

[TOP]

[2417]

AUTHOR	:	Hsieh,C.H., and Wu,W.G.
TITLE	:	Molecular Order and Hydration Property of Amine Group in Phosphatidylethanolamine and Its N-Methyl Derivatives at Subzero Temperatures. PubMed ID:8599659
JOURNAL	:	Biophys. J.
VOL	:	69 PAGE : 2521-2530 (1995)

[TOP]

[2418]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2419]

AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

[TOP]

[2420]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

[TOP]

[2421]

AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

[TOP]

[2422]

AUTHOR	:	Audubert,F., and Bereziat,G.
TITLE	:	The Specificity of Rat Liver Phospholipid Methyltransferase for Lyso Derivatives and Diacl Derivatives of Phosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:3593754
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	920 PAGE : 26-36 (1987)

[TOP]

[2423]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2424]

AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

[TOP]

[2425]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

[TOP]

[2426]

AUTHOR	:	Chen,S-H., and Kou,A.Y.
TITLE	:	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Methylated Phospholipids. PubMed ID:7153275
JOURNAL	:	J. Chromatogr.
VOL	:	232 PAGE : 237-249 (1982)

[TOP]

[2427]

AUTHOR	:	Tanaka,Y., Doi.,O., and Akamatsu,Y.
TITLE	:	Solubilization and Properties of a Phosphatidylethanolamine-Dependent Methyltransferase System for Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis from Mouse Liver Microsomes. PubMed ID:465026
JOURNAL	:	Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
VOL	:	87 PAGE : 1109-1115 (1979)

[TOP]

[2428]

AUTHOR	:	Bremer,J., and Greenberg,D.M.
TITLE	:	Mono- and Dimethylethanolamine Isolated from Rat-Liver Phospholipids.
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 287-288 (1959)

[TOP]

[2429]

AUTHOR	:	Lester,R.L., and White,D.C.
TITLE	:	Quantitative Gas-Liquid Chromatograpic Analysis of Ethanolamine, Monomethyl Ethanolamine, and Dimethyl Ethanolamine from Lipids. PubMed ID:6057486
JOURNAL	:	J. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	8 PAGE : 565-568 (1967)

[TOP]

[2430]

AUTHOR	:	Hall,M.O., and Nyc,J.F.
TITLE	:	The Isolation and Characterization of Phospholipids Containing Mono- and Dimethylethanolamine from Neurospora crassa.
JOURNAL	:	J. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	2 PAGE : 321-327 (1961)

[TOP]

[2431]

AUTHOR	:	Baumann,N.A., Hagen,P-O., and Goldfine,H.
TITLE	:	Phospholipids of Clostridium butyricum, Studies on Plasmalogen Composition and Biosynthesis.
JOURNAL	:	J. Biol. Chem.
VOL	:	240 PAGE : 1559-1567 (1965)

[TOP]

[2432]

AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

[TOP]

[2433]

AUTHOR	:	Kodaki,T., and Yamashita,S.
TITLE	:	Yeast Phosphatidylethanolamine Methylation Pathway. Cloning and Characterization of Two Distinct Methyltransferase Genes. PubMed ID:2445736
JOURNAL	:	J. Biol. Chem.
VOL	:	262 PAGE : 15428-15435 (1987)

[TOP]

[2434]

AUTHOR	:	Cui,Z., Vance,J.E., Chen,M.H., Voelker,D.R., and Vance,D.E.
TITLE	:	Cloning and Expression of a Novel Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase. A Specific Biochemical and Cytological Marker for a Unique Membrane Fraction in Rat Liver. PubMed ID:8344945
JOURNAL	:	J. Biol. Chem.
VOL	:	268 PAGE : 16655-16663 (1993)

[TOP]

[2435]

AUTHOR	:	Hsieh,C.H., and Wu,W.G.
TITLE	:	Molecular Order and Hydration Property of Amine Group in Phosphatidylethanolamine and Its N-Methyl Derivatives at Subzero Temperatures. PubMed ID:8599659
JOURNAL	:	Biophys. J.
VOL	:	69 PAGE : 2521-2530 (1995)

[TOP]

[2436]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2437]

AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

[TOP]

[2438]

AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

[TOP]

[2439]

AUTHOR	:	Siegel,D.P., and Banschbach,J.L.
TITLE	:	Lamellar / Inverted Cubic Phase Transition in N-Methylated Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:2383567
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	29 PAGE : 5975-5981 (1990)

[TOP]

[2440]

AUTHOR	:	Gruner,S.M., Tate,M.W., Kirk,G.L., So,P.T.C., Turner,D.C., and Keane,D.T.
TITLE	:	X-ray Diffraction Study of the Polymorphic Behavior of N-Methylated Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:3401452
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	27 PAGE : 2853-2866 (1988)

[TOP]

[2441]

AUTHOR	:	Hsieh,C.H., and Wu,W.G.
TITLE	:	Molecular Order and Hydration Property of Amine Group in Phosphatidylethanolamine and Its N-Methyl Derivatives at Subzero Temperatures. PubMed ID:8599659
JOURNAL	:	Biophys. J.
VOL	:	69 PAGE : 2521-2530 (1995)

[TOP]

[2442]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2443]

AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

[TOP]

[2444]

AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

[TOP]

[2445]

AUTHOR	:	Audubert,F., and Bereziat,G.
TITLE	:	The Specificity of Rat Liver Phospholipid Methyltransferase for Lyso Derivatives and Diacl Derivatives of Phosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:3593754
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	920 PAGE : 26-36 (1987)

[TOP]

[2446]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2447]

AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

[TOP]

[2448]

AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

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[2449]

AUTHOR	:	Bremer,J., and Greenberg,D.M.
TITLE	:	Methyl Transfering Enzyme System of Microsomes in the Biosynthesis of Lecithin (Phosphatidylcholine).
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	46 PAGE : 205-216 (1961)

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AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

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AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

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[2452]

AUTHOR	:	Audubert,F., and Bereziat,G.
TITLE	:	The Specificity of Rat Liver Phospholipid Methyltransferase for Lyso Derivatives and Diacl Derivatives of Phosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:3593754
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	920 PAGE : 26-36 (1987)

[TOP]

[2453]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

[TOP]

[2454]

AUTHOR	:	Audubert,F., and Bereziat,G.
TITLE	:	The Specificity of Rat Liver Phospholipid Methyltransferase for Lyso Derivatives and Diacl Derivatives of Phosphatidylethanolamine. PubMed ID:3593754
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	920 PAGE : 26-36 (1987)

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AUTHOR	:	Chapman,D.(1973) Physical Chemistry of Phospholipids, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp117-142, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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AUTHOR	:	Dawson,M.C., Elliott,D.C., Elliott,W.H., and Jones,K.M.,eds. (1969) Data for Biochemical Reserch, Oxford at the Clarendon Press
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AUTHOR	:	Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of Enantiomeric a-Cephalins.
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AUTHOR	:	Lertsiri, S., Shiraishi, M., and Miyazawa, T.
TITLE	:	Identification of deoxy-D-fructosyl phosphatidylethanolamine as a non-enzymic glycation product of phosphatidylethanolamine and its occurrence in human blood plasma and red blood cells PubMed ID:9648220
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AUTHOR	:	Malewicz, B., and Baumann, W. J.
TITLE	:	Alk-1-enylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl subclasses of native ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids can be quantified directly by phosphorus-31 NMR in solution PubMed ID:8934452
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JOURNAL	:	Anal Biochem.
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AUTHOR	:	Blough,H.A., and Tiffany,J.M.
TITLE	:	Lipids in Viruses. PubMed ID:4607849
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AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
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JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
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JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
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AUTHOR	:	White,D.A.(1973) The Phospholipid Composition of Mammalian Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp441-482, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

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AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

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AUTHOR	:	Rosenthal,A.F.
TITLE	:	Chemical synthesis of Phospholipids and Analogues of Phospholipids Containing Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. PubMed ID:1091813
JOURNAL	:	Meth. Enzymol.
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AUTHOR	:	Dowhan,W.(1997) Molecular Basis for Membrane Phospholipid Diversity: Why Are There So Many Lipids?, in Ann. Rev. Biochem., Vol.66, (Richardson,C.C., Abelson,J.N., Raetz,C.R.H., and Thorner,J.W., eds.), pp199-232, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA
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AUTHOR	:	Kent,C.(1995) Eukaryotic Phospholipid Biosynthesis, in Ann. Rev. Biochem., Vol.64, (Richardson,C.C., Abelson,J.N., Meister,A., and Walsh,C.T., eds.), pp315-343, Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA
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AUTHOR	:	Thompson Jr.,G.A.(1973) Phospholipid Metabolism in Animal Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp67-96, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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AUTHOR	:	Lowenstein,J.M. ed.(1969) Methods in Enzymology Vol. 14 Lipids, Academic Press, Inc., New York
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AUTHOR	:	Dennis,E.A. ed.(1991) Methods in Enzymology Vol. 197 Phospholipases, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA
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AUTHOR	:	Vance,D.E., and Schneider,W.J.
TITLE	:	Conversion of Phosphatidylethanolamine to Phosphatidylcholine. PubMed ID:7278670
JOURNAL	:	Methods in Enzymol.
VOL	:	71 PAGE : 581-588 (1981)

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AUTHOR	:	Dawson,R.M.C.(1973) Specificity of Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Phospholipids, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp114-116, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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AUTHOR	:	Shapiro,D., and Rabinsohn,Y.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of N-Monomethyl- and N,N-Dimethylcephalins.
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry
VOL	:	3 PAGE : 603-605 (1964)

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AUTHOR	:	Bremer,J., and Greenberg,D.M.
TITLE	:	Mono- and Dimethylethanolamine Isolated from Rat-Liver Phospholipids.
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 287-288 (1959)

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AUTHOR	:	Dawson,M.C., Elliott,D.C., Elliott,W.H., and Jones,K.M.,eds. (1969) Data for Biochemical Reserch, Oxford at the Clarendon Press
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JOURNAL	:
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AUTHOR	:	Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of Enantiomeric a-Cephalins.
JOURNAL	:	J. Amer. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	74 PAGE : 152-157 (1952)

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AUTHOR	:	Salgado,J., Villalain,J., and Gomez-Fernandez,J.C.
TITLE	:	Metastability of Dimiristoylphosphatidylethanolamine as studied by FT-IR and the effect of a-tocopherol. PubMed ID:7488627
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	1239 PAGE : 213-225 (1995)

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[2484]

AUTHOR	:	Blough,H.A., and Tiffany,J.M.
TITLE	:	Lipids in Viruses. PubMed ID:4607849
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	11 PAGE : 267-339 (1973)

[TOP]

[2485]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Bacterial Lipids. PubMed ID:5334815
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	2 PAGE : 17-90 (1964)

[TOP]

[2486]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Plant Phospholipids and Glycolipids.
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	8 PAGE : 225-265 (1970)

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[2487]

AUTHOR	:	White,D.A.(1973) The Phospholipid Composition of Mammalian Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp441-482, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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JOURNAL	:
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AUTHOR	:	Dawson,M.C., Elliott,D.C., Elliott,W.H., and Jones,K.M.,eds. (1969) Data for Biochemical Reserch, Oxford at the Clarendon Press
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JOURNAL	:
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AUTHOR	:	Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of Enantiomeric a-Cephalins.
JOURNAL	:	J. Amer. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	74 PAGE : 152-157 (1952)

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[2490]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

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[2491]

AUTHOR	:	Chapman,D.(1973) Physical Chemistry of Phospholipids, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp117-142, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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JOURNAL	:
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[2492]

AUTHOR	:	Blough,H.A., and Tiffany,J.M.
TITLE	:	Lipids in Viruses. PubMed ID:4607849
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	11 PAGE : 267-339 (1973)

[TOP]

[2493]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Bacterial Lipids. PubMed ID:5334815
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	2 PAGE : 17-90 (1964)

[TOP]

[2494]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Plant Phospholipids and Glycolipids.
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	8 PAGE : 225-265 (1970)

[TOP]

[2495]

AUTHOR	:	White,D.A.(1973) The Phospholipid Composition of Mammalian Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp441-482, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
TITLE	:
JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

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[2496]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

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[2497]

AUTHOR	:	Rosenthal,A.F.
TITLE	:	Chemical synthesis of Phospholipids and Analogues of Phospholipids Containing Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. PubMed ID:1091813
JOURNAL	:	Meth. Enzymol.
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 429-529 (1975)

[TOP]

[2498]

AUTHOR	:	Chapman,D.(1973) Physical Chemistry of Phospholipids, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp117-142, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

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[2499]

AUTHOR	:	Dawson,M.C., Elliott,D.C., Elliott,W.H., and Jones,K.M.,eds. (1969) Data for Biochemical Reserch, Oxford at the Clarendon Press
TITLE	:
JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

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[2500]

AUTHOR	:	Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of Enantiomeric a-Cephalins
JOURNAL	:	J. Amer. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	74 PAGE : 152-157 (1952)

[TOP]

[2501]

AUTHOR	:	Blough,H.A., and Tiffany,J.M.
TITLE	:	Lipids in Viruses. PubMed ID:4607849
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	11 PAGE : 267-339 (1973)

[TOP]

[2502]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Bacterial Lipids. PubMed ID:5334815
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	2 PAGE : 17-90 (1964)

[TOP]

[2503]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Plant Phospholipids and Glycolipids.
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	8 PAGE : 225-265 (1970)

[TOP]

[2504]

AUTHOR	:	White,D.A.(1973) The Phospholipid Composition of Mammalian Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp441-482, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

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[2505]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2506]

AUTHOR	:	Rosenthal,A.F.
TITLE	:	Chemical synthesis of Phospholipids and Analogues of Phospholipids Containing Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. PubMed ID:1091813
JOURNAL	:	Meth. Enzymol.
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 429-529 (1975)

[TOP]

[2507]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

[TOP]

[2508]

AUTHOR	:	Dawson,M.C., Elliott,D.C., Elliott,W.H., and Jones,K.M.,eds. (1969) Data for Biochemical Reserch, Oxford at the Clarendon Press
TITLE	:
JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

[TOP]

[2509]

AUTHOR	:	Baer,E., Maurukas,J., and Russell,M.
TITLE	:	Synthesis of Enantiomeric a-Cephalins.
JOURNAL	:	J. Amer. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	74 PAGE : 152-157 (1952)

[TOP]

[2510]

AUTHOR	:	Chapman,D.(1973) Physical Chemistry of Phospholipids, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp117-142, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

[TOP]

[2511]

AUTHOR	:	Blough,H.A., and Tiffany,J.M.
TITLE	:	Lipids in Viruses. PubMed ID:4607849
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	11 PAGE : 267-339 (1973)

[TOP]

[2512]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Bacterial Lipids. PubMed ID:5334815
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	2 PAGE : 17-90 (1964)

[TOP]

[2513]

AUTHOR	:	Kates,M.
TITLE	:	Plant Phospholipids and Glycolipids.
JOURNAL	:	Adv. Lipid Res.
VOL	:	8 PAGE : 225-265 (1970)

[TOP]

[2514]

AUTHOR	:	White,D.A.(1973) The Phospholipid Composition of Mammalian Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp441-482, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

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[2515]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2516]

AUTHOR	:	Rosenthal,A.F.
TITLE	:	Chemical synthesis of Phospholipids and Analogues of Phospholipids Containing Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. PubMed ID:1091813
JOURNAL	:	Meth. Enzymol.
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 429-529 (1975)

[TOP]

[2517]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

[TOP]

[2518]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

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[2519]

AUTHOR	:	Rosenthal,A.F.
TITLE	:	Chemical synthesis of Phospholipids and Analogues of Phospholipids Containing Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. PubMed ID:1091813
JOURNAL	:	Meth. Enzymol.
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 429-529 (1975)

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[2520]

AUTHOR	:	Chapman,D.(1973) Physical Chemistry of Phospholipids, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp117-142, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
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AUTHOR	:	Ikeda, Y., Fukuoka, S., and Kito, M.
TITLE	:	Increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine in the cell membrane upon the regulated exocytosis of pancreatic acinar AR42J cells PubMed ID:9028056
JOURNAL	:	Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
VOL	:	61 PAGE : 207-209 (1997)

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AUTHOR	:	Lee, F. C., Ahumada, G. G., Gross, R. W., and Sobel, B. E.
TITLE	:	Hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine induced by nominally synthetic lysophosphoglycerides: methodological implications PubMed ID:7378384
JOURNAL	:	Biochemistry.
VOL	:	19 PAGE : 1934-1937 (1980)

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[2523]

AUTHOR	:	White,D.A.(1973) The Phospholipid Composition of Mammalian Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp441-482, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
TITLE	:
JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

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[2524]

AUTHOR	:	Martiny-Baron,G, and Scherer,G.F.E
TITLE	:	Phospholipid-stimulated Protein Kinase in Plants. PubMed ID:2530218
JOURNAL	:	J. Biol. Chem.
VOL	:	264 PAGE : 18052-18059 (1989)

[TOP]

[2525]

AUTHOR	:	Ryu,S.B., Karlsson,B.H., Özgen,M., and Palta,J.P.
TITLE	:	Inhibition of Phospholipase D by Lysophosphatidylethanolamine, a Lipid-derived Senescence Retardant. PubMed ID:11038592
JOURNAL	:	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
VOL	:	94 PAGE : 12717-12721 (1997)

[TOP]

[2526]

AUTHOR	:	Chattopadhyay,P., Banerjee,S.K., Sen,K., and Chakrabarti,P.
TITLE	:	Lipid Profiles of Aspergillus niger and Its Unsaturated Fatty Acid Auxotroph, UFA₂. PubMed ID:4005716
JOURNAL	:	Can. J. Microbiol.
VOL	:	31 PAGE : 352-355 (1985)

[TOP]

[2527]

AUTHOR	:	Holt,S.C., Doundowlakis,J., and Takacs,B.J.
TITLE	:	Phospholipid Composition of Gliding Bacteria: Oral Isolates of Capnocytophaga Compared with Sporocytophaga. PubMed ID:500209
JOURNAL	:	Infect. Immun.
VOL	:	26 PAGE : 305-310 (1979)

[TOP]

[2528]

AUTHOR	:	Dunkley,E.A.Jr., Clejan,S., Guffanti,A.A., and Krulwich,T.A.
TITLE	:	Large Decreases in Membrane Phosphatidylethanolamine and Diphosphatidylglycerol upon Mutation to Duramycin Resistance Do Not Change the Protonophore Resistance of Bacillus subtilis. PubMed ID:3135835
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	943 PAGE : 13-18 (1988)

[TOP]

[2529]

AUTHOR	:	Pugsley,A.P., Goldzahl,N., and Barker,R.M.
TITLE	:	Colicin E2 Production and Release by Escherichia coli K12 and Other Enterobacteriaceae. PubMed ID:3934329
JOURNAL	:	J. Gen. Microbiol.
VOL	:	131 PAGE : 2673-2686 (1985)

[TOP]

[2530]

AUTHOR	:	Senff,L.M., Wegener,W.S., Brooks,G.F., Finnerty,W.R., and Makula,R.A.
TITLE	:	Phospholipid Composition and Phospholipase A Activity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PubMed ID:821921
JOURNAL	:	J. Bacteriol.
VOL	:	127 PAGE : 874-880 (1976)

[TOP]

[2531]

AUTHOR	:	Thumser, A. E., Voysey, J. E., and Wilton, D. C.
TITLE	:	The binding of lysophospholipids to rat liver fatty acid-binding protein and albumin PubMed ID:8053904
JOURNAL	:	Biochem J.
VOL	:	301 (Pt 3) PAGE : 801-806 (1994)

[TOP]

[2532]

AUTHOR	:	Thompson Jr.,G.A.(1973) Phospholipid Metabolism in Animal Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp67-96, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
TITLE	:
JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

[TOP]

[2533]

AUTHOR	:	Dawson,R.M.C.(1973) Specificity of Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Phospholipids, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp114-116, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
TITLE	:
JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

[TOP]

[2534]

AUTHOR	:	Billimoria,J.D., and Lewis,K.O.
TITLE	:	The Synthesis of Phospholipids. Part I. Phosphatidyl and Lysophosphatidyl Ethanolamines. PubMed ID:5690066
JOURNAL	:	J. Chem. Soc.
VOL	:	12 PAGE : 1404-1412 (1968)

[TOP]

[2535]

AUTHOR	:	Slotboom,A.J., and Bonsen,P.P.M.
TITLE	:	Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Phospholipids. PubMed ID:5498118
JOURNAL	:	Chem. Phys. Lipids
VOL	:	5 PAGE : 301-398 (1970)

[TOP]

[2536]

AUTHOR	:	Rosenthal,A.F.
TITLE	:	Chemical synthesis of Phospholipids and Analogues of Phospholipids Containing Carbon-Phosphorus Bonds. PubMed ID:1091813
JOURNAL	:	Meth. Enzymol.
VOL	:	35 PAGE : 429-529 (1975)

[TOP]

[2537]

AUTHOR	:	White,D.A.(1973) The Phospholipid Composition of Mammalian Tissues, in Form and Function of Phospholipids (Ansell,G.B., Hawthorne,J.N., and Dawson,R.M.C.,eds.), pp441-482, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam
TITLE	:
JOURNAL	:
VOL	:	PAGE : - ()

[TOP]

[2538]

AUTHOR	:	Martiny-Baron,G, and Scherer,G.F.E
TITLE	:	Phospholipid-stimulated Protein Kinase in Plants. PubMed ID:2530218
JOURNAL	:	J. Biol. Chem.
VOL	:	264 PAGE : 18052-18059 (1989)

[TOP]

[2539]

AUTHOR	:	Ryu,S.B., Karlsson,B.H., Özgen,M., and Palta,J.P.
TITLE	:	Inhibition of Phospholipase D by Lysophosphatidylethanolamine, a Lipid-derived Senescence Retardant. PubMed ID:11038592
JOURNAL	:	Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
VOL	:	94 PAGE : 12717-12721 (1997)

[TOP]

[2540]

AUTHOR	:	Chattopadhyay,P., Banerjee,S.K., Sen,K., and Chakrabarti,P.
TITLE	:	Lipid Profiles of Aspergillus niger and Its Unsaturated Fatty Acid Auxotroph, UFA₂. PubMed ID:4005716
JOURNAL	:	Can. J. Microbiol.
VOL	:	31 PAGE : 352-355 (1985)

[TOP]

[2541]

AUTHOR	:	Holt,S.C., Doundowlakis,J., and Takacs,B.J.
TITLE	:	Phospholipid Composition of Gliding Bacteria: Oral Isolates of Capnocytophaga Compared with Sporocytophaga. PubMed ID:500209
JOURNAL	:	Infect. Immun.
VOL	:	26 PAGE : 305-310 (1979)

[TOP]

[2542]

AUTHOR	:	Dunkley,E.A.Jr., Clejan,S., Guffanti,A.A., and Krulwich,T.A.
TITLE	:	Large Decreases in Membrane Phosphatidylethanolamine and Diphosphatidylglycerol upon Mutation to Duramycin Resistance Do Not Change the Protonophore Resistance of Bacillus subtilis. PubMed ID:3135835
JOURNAL	:	Biochim. Biophys. Acta
VOL	:	943 PAGE : 13-18 (1988)

[TOP]

[2543]

AUTHOR	:	Pugsley,A.P., Goldzahl,N., and Barker,R.M.
TITLE	:	Colicin E2 Production and Release by Escherichia coli K12 and Other Enterobacteriaceae. PubMed ID:3934329
JOURNAL	:	J. Gen. Microbiol.
VOL	:	131 PAGE : 2673-2686 (1985)

[TOP]

[2544]

AUTHOR	:	Senff,L.M., Wegener,W.S., Brooks,G.F., Finnerty,W.R., and Makula,R.A.
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TITLE	:	Xenopus oocytes express multiple receptors for LPA-like lipid mediators PubMed ID:8638656
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AUTHOR	:	Sugiura, T., Nakane, S., Kishimoto, S., Waku, K., Yoshioka, Y., Tokumura, A., and Hanahan, D. J.
TITLE	:	Occurrence of lysophosphatidic acid and its alkyl ether-linked analog in rat brain and comparison of their biological activities toward cultured neural cells PubMed ID:10521703
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AUTHOR	:	Nakane, S., Tokumura, A., Waku, K., and Sugiura, T.
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JOURNAL	:	Lipids.
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TITLE	:	Signaling responses to alkyllysophosphatidic acid: the activation of phospholipases A2 and C and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human platelets PubMed ID:8951035
JOURNAL	:	Arch Biochem Biophys.
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AUTHOR	:	Gueguen, G., Gaige, B., Grevy, J. M., Rogalle, P., Bellan, J., Wilson, M., Klaebe, A., Pont, F., Simon, M. F., and Chap, H.
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AUTHOR	:	Tokumura, A., Yoshida, J., Okasaka, N., Fukuzawa, K., and Tsukatani, H.
TITLE	:	Platelet aggregation induced by ether-linked phospholipids. 2. Mechanism of desensitization of rabbit platelets by platelet activating factor and reversibility of inhibitory actions of its antagonists PubMed ID:3590110
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AUTHOR	:	Fischer, D. J., Liliom, K., Guo, Z., Nusser, N., Virag, T., Murakami-Murofushi, K., Kobayashi, S., Erickson, J. R., Sun, G., Miller, D. D., and Tigyi, G.
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TITLE	:	Identification of a novel growth factor-like lipid, 1-O-cis-alk-1'-enyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (alkenyl-GP) that is present in commercial sphingolipid preparations PubMed ID:9593679
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AUTHOR	:	Xiao, Y. J., Schwartz, B., Washington, M., Kennedy, A., Webster, K., Belinson, J., and Xu, Y.
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AUTHOR	:	Bandoh, K., Aoki, J., Taira, A., Tsujimoto, M., Arai, H., and Inoue, K.
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AUTHOR	:	Martin, T. W., and Lagunoff, D.
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AUTHOR	:	Xu, Y., Fang, X. J., Casey, G., and Mills, G. B.
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AUTHOR	:	Xu, Y., Casey, G., and Mills, G. B.
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AUTHOR	:	Lourenssen, S., and Blennerhassett, M. G.
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