2013-07-19T02:05:19Z

Adm:

{{Reference
|IDs=
&&Nitrososphaera gargensis (Candidatus)&&LBGADB0N03
&&Nitrososphaera gargensis (Candidatus)&&LBGACB0N01
&&Nitrososphaera gargensis (Candidatus)&&LBGADB0N04
|title=Crenarchaeol dominates the membrane lipids of Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis, a thermophilic group I.1b Archaeon
|PMID=20033067
|doi=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2009.138
}}

Reference:De la Torre JR:Walker CB:Ingalls AE:Koenneke M:Stahl DA:,Environ. Microbiol.,2008,10,810

2013-07-19T02:04:35Z

Adm:

{{Reference
|IDs=
&&Nitrosocaldus yellowstonii (Candidatus)&&LBGADB0N03
|title=Cultivation of a thermophilic ammonia oxidizing archaeon synthesizing crenarchaeol
|doi=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01506.x
|PMID=18205821
}}

Category:LBGA

2013-07-19T02:02:24Z

Adm: /* {{Bilingual|系統|Phylogeny}} */

{{#def:LANG|{{#getenv:LANG}}}}
{{Huge|{{Bilingual|アーキア脂質|Archaeal Lipid}}}}
{{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
{| style="float:right"
| __TOC__
|}

==Class Overview==

{{Twocolumn|
Archaeal lipid is composed of ''sn''-glycerol 1-phosphate and ether-linked isoprenoids (C20 phytanes). This composition is different from lipids in eubacteria and eukaryotes, which comprise of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and ester-linked fatty acids. Responsible biosynthetic enzymes are also non-homologous. Archaea also contains tetraether lipids in which two isoprenes (C40 biphytanes) are ether-linked with two glycerols at both ends (caldarchaeol).
|
アーキア<ref>古細菌と呼ばれることが多いのですが、真正細菌と明確に区別するためにここではアーキアと記します。</ref>の脂質は、
''sn''-グリセロール1リン酸にメバロン酸由来のイソプレン骨格（C20フィタン）がエーテル結合しています (snがわからない人は[http://metabolomics.jp/wiki/Aritalab:Lecture/Biochem/Isomer 異性体]のページを参照してください)。
これは、グリセロール3リン酸と脂肪酸を利用する真正細菌や真核生物と全く異なる構造で、生合成をおこなう酵素も相同ではありません。またテトラエーテル型と呼ばれる、長さ40のバイフィタンが末端で2分子のグリセロールとエーテル結合した環状脂質（カルドアーキオール）も広く存在します。
}}

<references/>

==={{Bilingual|系統|Phylogeny}}===
{{Twocolumn|
Archaea are separated into two major phyla (Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota)<ref>Studies on mostly uncultured archaea identified other small phyla such as Korarchaeota (Barns et al. 1996 PMID 8799176), Nanoarchaeota (Huber et al. 2002 PMID 11986665), and the Thaumarchaeota (Brochier-Armanet et al. 2002 PMID 18274537). They are characterized only by genome sequences and not considered here.</ref> and three ecologically different microbes exist: thermophile, halophile, and methanogen (Table 1). Previously archaea were believed to exist only in extreme environments, but their habitat is actually ubiquitous from sea surface to deep underground. Genus names are summarized [[Index:LBGA|here]].
|
アーキアは大きくCrenarchaeotaとEuryarchaetaという二大グループに分かれ<ref>難培養性のアーキアとしてKorarchaeota (Barns et al. 1996 PMID 8799176), Nanoarchaeota (Huber et al. 2002 PMID 11986665), Thaumarchaeota (Brochier-Armanet et al. 2002 PMID 18274537)などの小グループも見つかっていますが難培養性でゲノム解析のみのため、生物分類上は確定していません。</ref>、
アンモニア酸化菌、好熱菌、好塩菌、メタン生成菌の４種類が含まれます（表1）。以前は極限環境に住むと考えられていましたが、特にアンモニア酸化菌 (thaumarchaeota) は海から地底まで遍在することがわかっています。属名一覧は[[Index:LBGA|別ページ]]にまとめています。
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table 1. {{Bilingual|アーキアの分類|Clades in Archaea}}
|-
! Phyrum (綱) || Order (目) || Family (科) || {{Bilingual|特徴|Character}} || {{Bilingual|グラム染色|Gram-staining}}
|- style="background-color:#fd3"
!rowspan="1"|thaumarchaeota
|cenarchaeales || cenarchaeaceae
|{{Bilingual|アンモニア酸化菌|ammonia oxidizer}} || ? (unculturable)
|- style="background-color:#fdd"
!rowspan="3"|crenarchaeota
|desulfurococcales || desulfurococcaceae, pyrodictiaceae
|rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタンを生成しない超好熱菌|Non-methanogenic (hyper) thermophils}}
|rowspan="5"| negative
|- style="background-color:#fdd"
|sulfolobales || sulfolobaceae
|- style="background-color:#fdd"
|thermoproteales || thermoproteaceae
|- style="background-color:#fdd"
!rowspan="8"|euryarchaeota
|thermococcales || thermococcaceae
|- style="background-color:#fdd"
|thermoplasmatales || thermoplasmataceae
|- style="background-color:#ddf"
|halobacteriales || halobacteriaceae
|{{Bilingual|高度好塩菌|Halophils}}
| negative
|-
|methanobacteriales || methanobacteriaceae, methanothermaceae
|rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタン生成菌|Methanogens}}
|rowspan="5"| mostly positive
|-
| methanococcales || methanococcaceae, methanocaldococcaceae
|-
| methanomicrobiales || methanomicrobiaceae, methanospirillaceae
|-
| methanopyrales || methanopyraceae
|-
| methanosarcinales || methanosarcinaceae, methanosaetaceae
|}

<references/>

==={{Bilingual|脂質命名法|Nomenclature}}===
{{Twocolumn|
Much of archaeal lipid were named by a Japanese research group<ref>Nishihara M, Morii H, Koga Y (1987) Structure determination of a quartet of novel tetraether lipids from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. ''J Biochem'' 101:1007-1015 PMID 3611039</ref>. Note that sn-1 position of glycerol is at the bottom of the pictures and the ether bond at the sn-2 position is below the paper plane.
|
アーキア脂質の名称の多くは日本人によって名付けられました。以下の図ではグリセロールの sn-1 位が下側で-OH として表示されています。sn-2 位の水酸基は紙面の奥側です。通常のグリセロ脂質の描き方とは向きが異なるので注意してください。
}}
{|
|-
!Archaeol (= 2,3-di-O-alkyl sn-glycerol diether) [[Image:LBGAA.png|link=Category:LBGAA]] [[LBGAAB0N01|C20/20]], [[LBGAAB0N02|C20/25]], [[LBGAAB0N03|C25/25]]
|{{Twocolumn
|The alkyl chain is C20-isoprane ([[Reference:Sehgal SN:Kates M:Gibbons NE:,Can. J. Biochem. Physiol.,1962,40,69|Sehgal et al 1962]] <ref>Few species contain C25/25 or C20/25 isopranoids.</ref>). Archaetidic acid refers to its monophophate ether.
|アルキル基はC20のイソプラン（飽和イソプレン）。Archaetidic acid はその1リン酸エステルです。
}}
|-
!Caldarchaeol [[Image:LBGAC.png|link=Category:LBGAC]]
|{{Twocolumn
|An tetraether where 2 glycerol molecules are connected with 2 alkanediols at sn-2 and sn-3 positions. [[Reference:Langworthy_TA:,Biochim._Biophys._Acta,1977,487,37|Langworthy]] found the structure from ''Thermoplasma acidophilum'' in 1977. Its name "cald" (i.e. hot) originates its discovery from a hyperthermophil.
|2分子のグリセロールがsn-2, sn-3 位でアルカンジオールとエーテル結合したテトラエーテル。Langworthy が ''Thermoplasma acidophilum'' より発見し、超高熱菌から見出されたため cald (ラテン語で「熱い」) の名前がつきます。
}}
|-
! Calditocaldarchaeol [[Image:LBGAD.png|link=Category:LBGAD]]
|{{Twocolumn
|Calditol refers to a 5-carbon cyclic polyol [ 2-hydroxymethyl 1-(dihydroxypropoxy) 2,3,4,5-cyclopentanetetraol ] , which is connected to sn-1 glycerol by an ether linkage. It was first identified from ''Caldariella acidophila'' (now ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'') and was called nonitol with a wrong structure. Bleriot et al., 2002).<ref>Bleriot Y, Untersteller E, Fritz B, Sinay P (2002) Total Synthesis of calditol: Structural clarification of this typical component of archaea order Sulfolobales. ''Chemistry'' 8(1):240-246 PMID 11822455</ref> shows its brief history.
|カルジトールは水酸基を5つ有する炭素五員環で、sn-1部位でグリセロールにエーテル結合しています。当初 ''Caldariella acidophila'' MT-4 (現 ''Sulfolobus solfataricus'') に見出された際に異なる構造が報告され nonitol と呼ばれた時期もありました。下のBleriotらの論文に経緯があります。
}}
|-
!(Macro)Cyclic Archaeol [[Image:LBGAY.png|link=http://jcbl.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAY]]
|{{Twocolumn
|(Macro)Cyclic archaeol is characteristic to thermophilic archaea such as ''M. jannaschii''. It is believed to increase membrane rigidity under higher pressure. Its amount is reported to increase in cultures of high temperature or pressure. <ref>Sprott GD, Meloche M, Richards JC (1991) Proportions of diether, macrocyclic diether, and tetraether lipids in Methanococcus jannaschii grown at different temperatures. ''J Bacteriol'' 173, 3907-3910 PMID 2050642</ref><ref>Kaneshiro SM, Clark DS (1995) Pressure effects on the composition and thermal behavior of lipids from the deep-sea thermophile methanococcus jannaschii. ''J Bacteriol'' 177, 3668-3672 PMID 7601829</ref>
|環状アーキオールは好熱菌 ''M. jannaschii'' にみられ、膜構造の強度を増すと考えられています。生育温度の上昇、または圧力の上昇で量が増えると報告されています。
}}
|}

<references/>

=={{Bilingual|ID番号 (ページ名) の設計|Design of Page Titles}}==
{{Twocolumn|
Archaeal lipid is categorized in glycerolipid (LBG). Each ID contains information on the core-lipid type, chemical modification of polar head, and attached sugars.
|
古細菌の脂質はグリセロ脂質 (LBG) に含まれます。各分子のページIDは基本骨格、極性基のタイプ、糖のタイプがコード化されています。
}}
<center>
10-DIGIT
<table border=1>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>L</big>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>B</big>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>G</big>
<td style="background-color:darkseagreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>A</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x''</big>
<td style="background-color:purple; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z''</big>
<td style="background-color:green; color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''w''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
{{Twocolumn|
* ''x'' ... core-lipid structure (one of A H U C D Y)
* ''y'' ... polar-head category (one of N P C E I S G A X)
* ''z'' ... total number of sugars (Inositol and standard hexose are counted. Calditol is not counted.)
* ''w'' ... sugar type (one of N G M L S X)
* ''c'' ... serial number
|
* ''x'' ... コアリピッド構造
* ''y'' ... 極性基（リン酸部分）の構造
* ''z'' ... 糖の個数
* ''w'' ... 糖のタイプ
* ''c'' ... 通し番号
}}

==Classification 分類==

===Core Lipid Structure 基本構造===

<center>

{|

|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
! Core-lipid Structure
|- valign="top"
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAA|A: archaeol]] [[Image:LBGAA.png|link=Category:LBGAA]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAH|H: hydroxy & methoxy archaeol]] (sn-2-hydroxy below) [[Image:LBGAH.png|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAH]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAU|U: unsaturated (alkenyl) archaeol]] [[Image:LBGAU.png|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAU]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAC|C: caldarchaeol]] (tetraether type) [[Image:LBGAC.png|link=Category:LBGAC]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAD|D: irregular caldarchaeol]] (e.g. calditocald- or crenarchaeol, trialkyl or H-shaped archaeol) [[Image:LBGAD.png|link=Category:LBGAD]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAY|Y: cyclic archaeol]] [[Image:LBGAY.png|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGAY]]
|}

|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
! Polar-head Type
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.B|B:]] no group 
|- valign="top"
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.N|N:]] saccharides 
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.P|P:]] phosphate or alcohol [[Image:LBGAxP.png|60px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.P]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.C|C:]] phosphocholine [[Image:LBGAxC.png|100px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.C]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.E|E:]] phosphoethanolamine [[Image:LBGAxE.png|100px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.E]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.I|I:]] phosphoinositol [[Image:LBGAxI.png|95px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.I]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.S|S:]] phosphoserine [[Image:LBGAxS.png|100px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.S]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.G|G:]] phosphoglycerol [[Image:LBGAxG.png|115px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.G]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.A|A:]] aminopentanetetrol [[Image:LBGAxA.png|115px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.A]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA.X|X:]] others
|}

|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
! Sugar Type
|- valign="top"
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...N|N:]] inositol only or no sugar
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...G|G:]] D-glucose [[Image:LBGAxx1Glc.png|85px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...G]] and D-galactose [[Image:LBGAxx1Gal.png|75px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...G]] (α)
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...M|M:]] including D-mannose [[Image:LBGAxx1M.png|75px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...M]] (β)
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...L|L:]] including L-gulose [[Image:LBGAxx1L.png|80px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...L]] (β)
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...S|S:]] including HSO3 [[Image:LBGAxx1S.png|110px|link=http://lipidbank.jp/wiki/Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...S]]
|-
|[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBGA...X|X:]] others (glucosamine etc.)
|}
|}
</center>

===References (文献一覧)===
; [[Volatile:ListRefOfID|LBGA|Reference|{{Bilingual|全ての文献をみる|Show all references}}]]

<center>
{{#def:allRefs|{{#SearchLine:&&LBGA|Reference}}}}

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="11" | {{Bilingual|収録される脂質構造の統計|Registered Number of Lipid Molecules}} (Total: {{#CountTitle:LBGA}})
|-
!rowspan="2"| Phylum
!rowspan="2"| Order
!colspan="3"| Core-lipid
!colspan="3"| Polar-head
!colspan="3"| Sugar
|-
! ArOH || CArOH || others || None || Ino || others || Glc,Gal || Gro etc || others
|-
{{#replace:
{{#lua:
function createBucket() return { {A={},C={} },{ N={},I={} },{ G={},X={} } } end
desulfurococcales = createBucket()
sulfolobales = createBucket()
thermoproteales = createBucket()
thermococcales = createBucket()
thermoplasmatales = createBucket()
halobacteriales = createBucket()
methanobacteriales = createBucket()
methanococcales = createBucket()
methanomicrobiales = createBucket()
methanopyrales = createBucket()
methanosarcinales = createBucket()

function printRow(name, T, reg)
if (string.find(name, "halobacter") ~= nil)
then print('\n&- align="right" style="background-color:#ddf"')
elseif (string.find(name, "methano") == nil)
then print('\n&- align="right" style="background-color:#fdd"')
else
print('\n&- align="right"')
end
if (string.find(name, "desulfurococcales") ~= nil)
then print('& rowspan="3" style="background-color:#ddd" & crenarchaeota') end
if (string.find(name, "thermococcales") ~= nil)
then print('& rowspan="8" style="background-color:#ddd" & euryarchaeota') end
print("&[[Volatile:ListMolByReference&"..reg.."&"..name.."]] && ")
print(table.getn(T[1]["A"]).."\n&&"..table.getn(T[1]["C"]).."\n&&") T[1]["A"] = nil T[1]["C"] = nil
for k,v in pairs(T[1]) do print(k.."("..table.getn(v)..") ") end print(" && ")
print(table.getn(T[2]["N"]).."\n&&"..table.getn(T[2]["I"]).."\n&&") T[2]["N"] = nil T[2]["I"] = nil
for k,v in pairs(T[2]) do print(k.."("..table.getn(v)..") ") end print(" && ")
print(table.getn(T[3]["G"]).."\n&&"..table.getn(T[3]["X"]).."\n&&") T[3]["G"] = nil T[3]["X"] = nil
for k,v in pairs(T[3]) do print(k.."("..table.getn(v)..") ") end
end

function addTable(T, id)
exist = false
for k,v in pairs(T) do if (id == v) then exist = true end end
if (not exist) then table.insert(T, id) end
end

function register(T, id)
local s = string.sub(id,5,5)
if (T[1][s] == nil) then T[1][s] = {} end addTable(T[1][s], id)
s = string.sub(id,6,6)
if (T[2][s] == nil) then T[2][s] = {} end addTable(T[2][s], id)
s = string.sub(id,8,8)
if (T[3][s] == nil) then T[3][s] = {} end addTable(T[3][s], id)
end

for ref, sp, id in stdin:gmatch("&?&?([%w\. ]+)&&([%w]+)[%w\., ]+&&([^\n]+)") do
if (string.match(sp,"Aeropyrum") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurococcus") or string.match(sp,"Pyrolobus"))
then register(desulfurococcales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Acidianus") or string.match(sp,"Sulfolobus") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurolobus"))
then register(sulfolobales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrobaculum") or string.match(sp,"Thermoproteus"))
then register(thermoproteales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrococcus") or string.match(sp,"Thermococcus"))
then register(thermococcales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Thermoplasma"))
then register(thermoplasmatales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Haloarcula") or string.match(sp,"Halobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Halococcus") or string.match(sp,"Haloferax") or string.match(sp,"Halorubrum") or string.match(sp,"Natrialba") or string.match(sp,"Natronobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Natronococcus") or string.match(sp,"Halarchaeum"))
then register(halobacteriales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanothermobacter") or string.match(sp,"Methanobrevibacter") or string.match(sp,"Methanosphaera") or string.match(sp,"Methanothermobacter"))
then register(methanobacteriales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanothermococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanocaldococcus"))
then register(methanococcales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanomicrobium") or string.match(sp,"Methanospirillum"))
then register(methanomicrobiales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanopyrus"))
then register(methanopyrales, id)
elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanococcoides") or string.match(sp,"Methanohalophilus") or string.match(sp,"Methanolobus") or string.match(sp,"Methanosarcina"))
then register(methanosarcinales, id)
end
end
printRow("desulfurococcales", desulfurococcales, "Aeropyrum~Desulfurococcus~Pyrolobus")
printRow("sulfolobales",sulfolobales, "Acidianus~Sulfolobus~Desulfurolobus")
printRow("thermoproteales",thermoproteales, "Pyrobaculum~Thermoproteus")
printRow("thermococcales",thermococcales, "Pyrococcus~Thermococcus")
printRow("thermoplasmatales",thermoplasmatales, "Thermoplasma")
printRow("halobacteriales",halobacteriales, "Haloarcula~Halobacterium~Halococcus~Haloferax~Halorubrum~Natrialba~Natronobacterium~Natronococcus~Halarchaeum")
printRow("methanobacteriales",methanobacteriales, "Methanothermobacter~Methanobrevibacter~Methanosphaera")
printRow("methanococcales",methanococcales, "Methanothermococcus~Methanococcus~Methanocaldococcus")
printRow("methanomicrobiales",methanomicrobiales, "Methanomicrobium~Methanospirillum")
printRow("methanopyrales",methanopyrales, "Methanopyrus")
printRow("methanosarcinales",methanosarcinales, "Methanococcoides~Methanohalophilus~Methanolobus~Methanosarcina")
|
{{#var:allRefs}}
}}
|&|{{#bar:}}}}
|}

</center>

;{{Bilingual|登録された菌種|Registered Species}}
{{#lua:
isIn = {} T = {}
for ref, sp, id in stdin:gmatch("&?&?([%w\. ]+)&&([%w]+)[%w\., ]*&&([^\n]+)") do
if (isIn[sp] == nil) then isIn[sp] = true table.insert(T, sp) end
end
table.sort(T)
s = ""
for i,v in pairs(T) do
s = s .. "[[Volatile:ListMolByReference?my_1=" .. v .. "{{#bar:}}" .. v .. "]] "
end
print(s)
|
{{#var:allRefs}}
}}

==生合成==

# グリセロールははじめ sn-グリセロール 3リン酸 (G3P) から出発し、2位の脱水素（ケトン化）を経て sn-グリセロール 1リン酸 (G1P) になります。<ref>中間体はジヒドロキシアセトンリン酸と考えられます。反転の時点でG3Pの1位がモノアルキル化されている可能性もあります。</ref>
# メバロン酸由来で合成されたゲラニルゲラニルピロリン酸（またはフィチルピロリン酸）の1位の炭素がグリセロールの酸素に求核攻撃してエーテル結合を作ります。<ref>グリセロールの1,3位に18Oを入れるとアーキオールでも保存されることが示されています。</ref>
# 不飽和のアルキル基を飽和化し、各種の極性基や糖鎖が結合します。

<references/>

=={{Bilingual|環境マーカー|Environmental Markers}}==

;{{Bilingual|海底|Marine Sediments}}
{{Twocolumn
|From marine sediment samples, 13C-depleted archaeol and β-hydroxy archaeol are found with 16S rRNA of Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales <ref>Hinrichs KU et al. (1999) Nature 398, 802 PMID 10235261</ref>. Such archea is considered to oxidize methane anaerobically, forming consortia with sulfate-reducing bacteria <ref>Orphan VJ et al. (2001) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 1922 PMID 11282650</ref>.
|海底では Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales の 16S rRNA とともに 13C が含まれないアーキオール、βヒドロキシアーキオールが見出されます。硫酸還元菌と共生する形でメタンを資化するアーキアが多く存在すると考えられています。
}}

<references/>

==分析法==

<center>
{| style="text-align:center; margin:auto; width=100%" colsep=10
|colspan="6" align="center" bgcolor="navajowhite"| Bligh and Dyer extraction (all lipids)
|-
|style="width:15%;"|[[Image:Arrow00d35.png]] 55% HI
|style="width:15%;"|
{| style="margin:0 auto"
| [[Image:Arrow00d35.png]]
| acetic anhydride
|}
|style="width:15%;" rowspan="3" valign="center"|
{| style="margin:0 auto"
| [[Image:Arrow00d.png]]
| 46% HF 0.18% HCl- methanol 9-AN- DMAP-CCl4
|}
|style="width:30%;" colspan="2"|
{| style="margin:0 auto"
| [[Image:Arrow00d35.png]]
| 5% HCl- methanol
|}
|style="width:15%;" rowspan="3" valign="center"| [[Image:Arrow00d.png]] BCl3
|-
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| alkyl iodide
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| acetylated core lipid
|colspan="2" bgcolor="navajowhite"| methylated sugars & Pho-inositol
|-
| [[Image:Arrow00d35.png]] LiAH4
|
{| style="margin:0 auto"
| [[Image:Arrow00d35.png]]
| 5% HCl- methanol
|}
|[[Image:Arrow00d35.png]] 1M HCl
|[[Image:Arrow00d35.png]] 6M HCl
|
|-
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| carbohydrate
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| core lipids
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| core lipids (OH-ArOH etc.)
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| sugars
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| inositol
|bgcolor="navajowhite"| Pho-glycerols
|-
| GC 分析
| TLC 分析
| HPLC 分析
| GC 分析
| GC 分析
| 電気泳動、TLC 分析
|}
</center>