Category:LBSP

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Upper classes: LB LBS


Sphingomyelin and Phosphoethanolamine ceramide

In mammalian cells, the major headgroup of ceramides is phosphocholine (producing sphingomyelin), or complex polysaccharides (glycosphingolipids). There are three types of spingomyelin (SM) synthase (SMS1, SMS2, SMSr) and the latter produce ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), whose biochemical function is yet unknown. In Drosophila (fruitfly), the headgroup of ceramides is either phosphoethanolamine or complex polysaccharides, and completely lacks sphingomyelin. It has its own CPE synthase, not homologous to SM synthases.

動物細胞ではセラミドの頭部にホスホコリン(スフィンゴミエリン SM ができる)、または複雑な糖鎖がつく。SM合成酵素には3種類あり、そのうちの2種はホスホエタノールアミンのついたセラミド CPE を合成する。 ショウジョウバエでは、セラミド頭部にホスホエタノールアミンか複雑な糖鎖がつき、スフィンゴミエリンは持たない。独自のCPE合成酵素があり、SM合成酵素とは相同性もない。

Mammalian SM synthase family
ceramide + phosphatidylcholine ←→ sphingomyelin + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ceramide + phosphatidylethanolamine ←→ PE-ceramide + 1,2-diacylglycerol
Fruitfly CPE synthase
ceramide + CDP-ethanolamine ←→ PE-ceramide + CMP

GIPC

Glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides (GIPCs) were historically referred to as 'phytoglycolipids' (PGLs), although they are not plant-specific.[1][2] PGL was defined as inositolceramide with hexosamine, and its head-group without hexosamine was called ceramide phosphate polysaccharide (CPPS). The term GIPC was later introduced to cover them.

In LipidBank, we classify GIPC into four types:

  1. P2 series: Glucosamine next to inositol (Fungi and Protista)
  2. P3 series: Glucuronic acid next to inositol (Plant)
  3. P4 series: Mannose next to inositol (Fungi)
  4. P5 series: Others
  5. (P1 series is sphingomyelin and phosphoethanolamine ceramide.)

糖イノシトールセラミドリン酸 (GIPC) は歴史的にはフィト糖脂質 (PGL) として発見されたが、植物に特異な物質ではない。PGL はセラミドリン酸糖鎖 (CPPS) とよばれる構造の末端にヘキソサミンがつく構造とされ、後に GIPC と呼ばれるようになった。

LipidBankではGIPCを4つに分類している。

  1. イノシトールの次がグルコサミン (原生動物と菌類)
  2. イノシトールの次がグルクロン酸 (植物)
  3. イノシトールの次がマンノース (菌類)
  4. その他

  1. Carter HE, Celmer WD, Galanos DS, Gigg RH, Lands EM, Law JH, Mueller KL, Nakayama T, Tomizawa HH, Weber E. 1958. Biochemistry of the sphingolipides. X. Phytoglycolipide, a complex phytosphingosine-containing lipide from plant seeds. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 35: 335–343
  2. Carter HE, Brooks S, Gigg RH, Strobach DR, Suami T. 1964. Biochemistry of the sphingolipids. XVI. Structure of phytoglycolipid. Journal of Biological Chemistry 239: 743–746

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