Category:LBS: Difference between revisions
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{{LB/Header}} | {{LB/Header}} | ||
{{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}} | {{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}} | ||
{| style="float: | {| style="float:left" | ||
| __TOC__ | | __TOC__ | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Class Overview== | =={{Bilingual|概要|Class Overview}}== | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database. | |||
| | |このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。 | ||
}} | }} | ||
<center> | <center> | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"| | ||
| | [[:Category:LBSB| '''Ceramide''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|OH}}<br/><small>セラミド</small> | ||
| | | style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"| | ||
[[:Category:LBSG| '''Glycosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(sugar)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴ糖脂質</small> | |||
| style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"| | |||
[[:Category:LBSP| '''Phosphosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(phosphate)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴリン脂質</small> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |||
*[[:Category:LBSB|Ceramide and long chain bases]] | |||
| | | | ||
*[[:Category:LBSC|Cerebroside <small>(monohexosyl ceramides)</small>]] | |||
*[[:Category:LBSG|Glycosylceramide <small>(polyhexosyl ceramides)</small>]] | |||
| | |||
*[[:Category:LBSP|Sphingomyelins and GIPC]] | |||
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|} | |} | ||
</center> | </center> | ||
< | <big> | ||
[[:Category:LBS/Search|{{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質検索画面にいく|Go to Sphingolipid search.}}]] | |||
</big> | |||
== | ==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質の歴史|History of Sphingolipids}}=== | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.<ref>Thudichum J.L.W. "A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London, 1884</ref> The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. | |||
Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (poly)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.<ref>Gault CR, Obeid LM, Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643</ref> | |||
| | | | ||
スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。 | |||
スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。 | |||
}} | }} | ||
<references/> | |||
===Notation=== | =={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質|Sphingolipid}}== | ||
==={{Bilingual|表記法|Notation}}=== | |||
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:80%" | {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:80%" | ||
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Symbol Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose) | !colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Symbol Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose) | ||
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!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Backbones | !colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Backbones | ||
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1| | {{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1| | ||
Cer && ceramide && セラミド | Cer && ceramide && セラミド && | ||
Sph && sphingosine && スフィンゴシン | Sph && sphingosine && スフィンゴシン && | ||
}} | }} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Sugars | !colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Sugars | ||
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1| | {{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1| | ||
Glc && glucose && グルコース | Glc && glucose && グルコース && C6H12O6 && | ||
Gal && galactose && ガラクトース | Gal && galactose && ガラクトース && C6H12O6 && | ||
GlcNAc && ''N''-acetyl-glucosamine && ''N''-アセチルグルコサミン | GlcNAc && ''N''-acetyl-glucosamine && ''N''-アセチルグルコサミン && C8H15NO6 | ||
GalNAc && ''N''-acetyl-galactosamine && ''N''-アセチルガラクトサミン | GalNAc && ''N''-acetyl-galactosamine && ''N''-アセチルガラクトサミン && C8H15NO6 | ||
GlcN && glucosamine && グルコサミン | GlcN && glucosamine && グルコサミン && C6H13NO5 | ||
GalN && galactosamine && ガラクトサミン | GalN && galactosamine && ガラクトサミン && C6H13NO5 | ||
GlcA && glucuronic acid && グルクロン酸 | GlcA && glucuronic acid && グルクロン酸 && C6H10O7 | ||
GalA && galacturonic acid && ガラクツロン酸 | GalA && galacturonic acid && ガラクツロン酸 && C6H10O7 && | ||
Man && mannose && マンノース | Man && mannose && マンノース && C6H12O6 && 18950 | ||
Rha && rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) && ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース) | Rha && rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) && ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース) && C6H12O5 && 19233 | ||
Ins && inositol && イノシトール | Ins && inositol && イノシトール && C6H12O6 && 892 | ||
Fuc && fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) && フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース) | Fuc && fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) && フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース) && C6H12O5 && 17106 | ||
Ara && arabinose && アラビノース | Ara && arabinose && アラビノース && C5H10O5 && 5460291 | ||
Xyl && xylose && キシロース | Xyl && xylose && キシロース && C5H10O5 && 135191 | ||
NeuNH && (deacetyl) neuraminic acid<br/>(pyruvate + mannosamine) && ノイラミン酸<br/>(ピルビン酸+マンノサミン) | NeuNH && (deacetyl) neuraminic acid<br/>(pyruvate + mannosamine) && ノイラミン酸<br/>(ピルビン酸+マンノサミン) && C9H17N1O8 && 513472 | ||
NeuAc && ''N''-acetyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-アセチルノイラミン酸 | NeuAc && ''N''-acetyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-アセチルノイラミン酸 && C11H19NO9 && 439197 | ||
NeuGc && ''N''-glycolyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-グリコリルノイラミン酸 | NeuGc && ''N''-glycolyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-グリコリルノイラミン酸 && C11H19NO10 && 123802 | ||
Kdn && 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-<br/>D-galacto-nononic acid && デアミノノイラミン酸 | Kdn && 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-<br/>D-galacto-nononic acid && デアミノノイラミン酸 && C9H16O9 && 13991616 | ||
}} | }} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==={{Bilingual|分類体系 |Page/ID-Code Design}}=== | ==={{Bilingual|分類体系|Page/ID-Code Design}}=== | ||
{{Twocolumn| | |||
Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by polysaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added. | |||
|スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。 | |||
}} | |||
{| | {| | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===First (s1) | ==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ糖脂質1文字目|First (s1) Digit for Glycosphingolipid}}=== | ||
<span id="SphingolipidClass"></span> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white" | ||
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence | ! First sugar || Code || Root sequence | ||
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| | | | ||
{| style="width:100%;" | {| style="width:100%;" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer|Gala]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer|Gala / Neogala]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-4/6Galb1-Cer}} | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-4/6Galb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoganglio]]<ref name="iso">"iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.</ref> | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoganglio]]<ref name="iso">In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.</ref> | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Neolacto]]<ref name="neo">"neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.</ref> | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Neolacto]]<ref name="neo">In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.</ref> | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Mollu]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Mollu]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1 | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
{| style="width:100%" | {| style="width:100%" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer| | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer|Schisto]]<ref>Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932</ref> | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG(A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~J~K~M~N~O~P~Q~R)|'''G'''('''A'''∼'''R''')]] | | [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG(A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~J~K~M~N~O~P~Q~R)|'''G'''('''A'''∼'''R''')]] | ||
|colspan="2"| Symbols follow the Sugar-digit table. | |colspan="2"| Symbols follow the Sugar-digit table. | ||
|- | |} | ||
<references/> | |||
==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴリン脂質1文字目|First (s1) Digit for Phosphosphingolipid}}=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white" | |||
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence | ! First sugar || Code || Root sequence | ||
!colspan="2"| Major Series | !colspan="2"| Major Series | ||
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| '''P1''' ([[:Category:LBSP|LBSP]]) | | '''P1''' ([[:Category:LBSP|LBSP]]) | ||
| R-P-Cer | | R-P-Cer | ||
| Sphingomyelin and | | Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine<br/>(Visit [[:Category:LBSP|this page]].) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" | starting with<br/><big>Inositol</big> | ! rowspan="4" | starting with<br/><big>Inositol</big> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==={{Bilingual|コード2文字目|Second (s2) Digit}}=== | |||
<span id="SphingolipidSugar"></span> | |||
===Second (s2) | {{Bilingual|クリックすると一覧が出ます。記号の略称については|Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see}} [[#Notation]]. | ||
{ | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | valign="top"| | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain [[File:LBS-Monomer-Alkyl.png]] | | acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain [[File:LBS-Monomer-Alkyl.png]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
=={{Bilingual|生合成|Biosynthesis}}== | |||
{{Twocolumn| | |||
Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). ([[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|more details]]) | |||
| | |||
スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含みます。([[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|詳細はこちら]]) | |||
}} | |||
Revision as of 05:26, 22 November 2017
Sphingolipid
Upper classes: LB
Class Overview
Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database. |
このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。 |
Ceramide
セラミド |
Glycosphingolipid
スフィンゴ糖脂質 |
Phosphosphingolipid
スフィンゴリン脂質 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History of Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.[1] The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (poly)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.[2] |
スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。 スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。 |
Sphingolipid
Notation
Page/ID-Code Design
Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by polysaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added. |
スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。 |
|
|
First (s1) Digit for Glycosphingolipid
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.
- ↑ In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.
- ↑ Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932
First (s1) Digit for Phosphosphingolipid
First sugar | Code | Root sequence | Major Series | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Sugar Attached | P1 (LBSP) | R-P-Cer | Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine (Visit this page.) | ||
starting with Inositol |
LBSP2|P2 (29 items) |
GlcNα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer |
| ||
LBSP3|P3 (10 items) |
GlcAα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer |
| |||
LBSP4|P4 (52 items) |
Manα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer |
| |||
LBSP5|P5 (21 items) |
Others | Ins1-P-Cer |
Second (s2) Digit
Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see #Notation.
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Biosynthesis
|