Category:LBS

Sphingolipid


Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes glycosphingolipid and phosphosphingolipid.

Sphingolipid Overview

Glyco-sphingolipid (including its lyso form)
スフィンゴ糖脂質 (リゾ体を含む)
LBSnn.png

Phospho-sphingolipid (including glycosyl phosphoinositolceramide or GIPC)
スフィンゴリン脂質 (GIPC含む)
LBSPP.png

Sphingosine & Ceramide

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure. The name "sphingo" comes from the Greek word sphingein for holding tight. (The Sphinx also comes from this word root. See the Wikipedia article in English., as well as sphincter muscle.) The basic structure is a long-chain base, usually sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol), whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。スフィンゴという名前はギリシャ語の sphingein に由来しており、「固く縛る」という意味です。（スフィンクスの語源も之に同じで、括約筋のことを英語で sphincter muscle といいます。）基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール、通常はスフィンゴシン) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。

Ceramides with the sphingosine base are prevalent as membrane components of eukaryotic cells. Those with the phytosphingosine base localize in particular organs such as small intestines. Sphingomyelin is a ceramide with phosphocholine.

スフィンゴシンをもつセラミドは細胞組織の膜成分として普遍的に存在します。その他にも臓器特異的にフィトスフィンゴシンを含むセラミドが知られています。セラミドにホスフォコリンがついたものが有名なスフィンゴミエリンです。



Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond.

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。

Sphingolipid スフィンゴ脂質

Common Abbreviations

Page/ID Classification

L B S G/P s1 s2 n1 n2 y c1 c2
G/P G (glyco) P (phospho)
s1, s2 structure code as explained below
n1, n2 number of sugars (2 digits)
y N (neutral), A (acidic), B (basic), or M (amphoteric)
c1, c2 serial numbers

Structure Code

First Code for Glycosphingolipid

First sugar Code Sequence Major Series
Galactose G1 Gal-Cer  
(0 pages)
Galα1−4/6Galβ1−1Cer
 
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Galβ1−4Glcβ1−3Galβ1−1Cer
Glucose
G2 GalNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer  
(0 pages)
GalNAcβ1−4Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
 
(0 pages)
GalNAcβ1−3Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
 
(0 pages)
GalNAcβ1-4
GlcNAcβ1/3
Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
G3 GlcNAc-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer  
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Galβ1−3GlcNAcβ1−3Galβ1−4 Glcβ1−1Cer
 
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Galβ1−4GlcNAcβ1−3Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
 
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Galα1−3GlcNAcβ1−3Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
G4 Galα-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer  
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Galα1−4Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
 
(0 pages)
Galα1−3Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
G5 Gal-Glc-Cer
(Except G2∼G4) 		 
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Galβ1−4Galβ1−4Glcβ1−1Cer
G6 Man-Glcβ-Cer  
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GlcNAcβ1−3Manβ1−4 Glcβ1−1 Cer
 
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Manα1−3Manβ1−4 Glcβ1−1 Cer
G7 NeuAc/NeuGc-Glcβ-Cer  
(0 pages)
NeuAc or NeuGc1−6 Glcβ1−1 Cer
G8 GalNAc-Glc-Cer  
(0 pages)
GalNAcα/β1−4 Glcα/β1−1 Cer
Others G(A∼Z) Symbols follow the Sugar-digit table.

First Code for Glycosphingolipid

First sugar Code Sequence Name
No Sugar P1 Sphingomyelin P-Cer
Inositol P2 GlcNα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer Protozoan GIPC
P3 GlcAα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer Plant GIPC
P4 Manα/β1−?Ins1-P-Cer Fungal GIPC
P5 Ins1-P-Cer Others

Second Code for subsequent sugars

Code Structure
A Glc
B Gal
C GlcNAc
D GalNAc
E GlcN
F GalN
G GlcA
H GalA
Code Structure
J Man
K Rha
L Ins
M Fuc
N Ara
P Xyl
Q NeuAc/NeuGc/NeuNH/KDN
Code Structure
S phosphate
T AEPn, EtnP, MAEPr, PC
U sulfate
V acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain


Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

L

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