Category:LBS

Sphingolipid


Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes glycosphingolipid and phosphosphingolipid.

Sphingolipid Overview

Glyco-sphingolipid (including its lyso form)
LBSnn.png
スフィンゴ糖脂質 (リゾ体を含む)

Phospho-sphingolipid (including glycosyl phosphoinositolceramide or GIPC)
LBSPP.png
スフィンゴリン脂質 (GIPC含む)

Sphingosine & Ceramide

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure. The name "sphingo" comes from the Greek word sphingein for holding tight. (The Sphinx also comes from this word root. See the Wikipedia article in English., as well as sphincter muscle.) The basic structure is a long-chain base, usually sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol), whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。スフィンゴという名前はギリシャ語の sphingein に由来しており、「固く縛る」という意味です。(スフィンクスの語源も之に同じで、括約筋のことを英語で sphincter muscle といいます。)基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール、通常はスフィンゴシン) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。

Ceramides with the sphingosine base are prevalent as membrane components of eukaryotic cells. Those with the phytosphingosine base localize in particular organs such as small intestines. Sphingomyelin is a ceramide with phosphocholine.

スフィンゴシンをもつセラミドは細胞組織の膜成分として普遍的に存在します。その他にも臓器特異的にフィトスフィンゴシンを含むセラミドが知られています。セラミドにホスフォコリンがついたものが有名なスフィンゴミエリンです。



Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond.

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。


  • Sph 骨格へのリンク

Sphingolipid スフィンゴ脂質

Common Abbreviations

Page/ID-Code Design

L B S G/P s1 s2 n1 n2 y c1 c2
G/P G (glyco) P (phospho)
s1, s2 structure code as explained below
n1, n2 number of sugars (2 digits)
y number of sialic acids (1 digit)
c1, c2 serial numbers

First (s1) Code for Glycosphingolipid

First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
starting with
Galactose
LBSG1|G1
(LBSG1.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|79 items)
Gal-Cer
mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer|Gala Galα1-4/6Galβ1-Cer
mainchain.*Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer|Spirometo Galβ1-4Glcβ1-3Galβ1-Cer
starting with
Glucose
LBSG2|G2
(LBSG2.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|88 items)
GalNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
mainchain.*GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Ganglio GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoganglio GalNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
structure.*GlcNAcb1-3\(.*GalNAcb1-4\)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lactoganglio GlcNAcβ1-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
structure.*\(?NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|a-series (NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|b-series (NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|c-series (NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG3|G3
(LBSG3.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|173 items)
GlcNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
mainchain.*Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lacto Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
mainchain.*Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Neolacto Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
mainchain.*Gala1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoneolacto Galα1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG4|G4
(LBSG4.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|55 items)
Galα-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
mainchain.*Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Globo Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
mainchain.*Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoglobo Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG5|G5
(LBSG5.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|113 items)
Gal-Glc-Cer
(Other than G2∼G4)
mainchain.*Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Muco Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG6|G6
(LBSG6.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|68 items)
Man-Glcβ-Cer
mainchain.*GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Arthro GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Mollu Manα1-3Manβ1-4Glcb1.Cer
LBSG7|G7
(LBSG7.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|21 items)
NeuAc/NeuGc-Glcβ-Cer
mainchain.*Neu(A~G)c.2-6Glcb1-Cer|Echino NeuGc or NeuAcα/β2-6Glcβ1-Cer
LBSG8|G8
(LBSG8.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars&Number_of_Sialic_acids|12 items)
GalNAc-Glc-Cer
mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer|Plathy GalNAcα/β1-4Glcα/β1-Cer
starting with
Other Sugars
G(AZ) Symbols follow the Sugar-digit table.
First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
No Sugar Attached LBSP1|P1
(0 items)
LBSP1|R-P-Cer Sphingomyelins
starting with
Inositol
LBSP2|P2
(29 items)
LBSP2|GlcNα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer GIPC
LBSP3|P3
(10 items)
LBSP3|GlcAα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer GIPC
LBSP4|P4
(52 items)
LBSP4|Manα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer GIPC
LBSP5|P5
(21 items)
LBSP5|Ins1-P-Cer Others

Second (s2) Code for subsequent sugars

Code Structure
A Glc
B Gal
C GlcNAc
D GalNAc
E GlcN
F GalN
G GlcA
H GalA
I not used
Code Structure
J structure.*Man|Mannose
K structure.*Rha|Rhamnose
L %73%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%2e%2A%49%6e%73%28%4d%65%29%3F%2d%50%2d%5B%5E%43%65%72%5D|Inositol
M Fucose (%73%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%46%75%63%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%24| 1, %73%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%28%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%46%75%63%29%7B%32%7D%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%24|2, %73%74%72%75%63%74%75%72%65%28%5B%5E%46%5D%2B%46%75%63%29%7B%33}|>3)
N structure.*Ara|Arabinose
O structure.*Xyl|Xylose
P structure.*(NeuAc~NeuNH)|NeuAc / NeuNH
Q structure.*(NeuGc)|NeuGc
R structure.*(KDN)|KDN
Code Structure
S structure.*Phospho|Phosphate
T structure.*(AEPn)|(M)AEPn, structure.*(EtnP)|EtnP, structure.*(PC)|PC
U structure.*Sulfo|Sulfate
V acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain


Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.