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{{#def:LANG|{{#getenv:LANG}}}}
#REDIRECT [[Category:LBGA]]
{{Huge|{{Bilingual|アーキア脂質|Archaeal Lipid}}}}
{{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
 
==Class Overview==
 
{{Twocolumn|
Archaeal lipid is composed of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate and isoprenoids. This composition is different from lipid in eubacteria and eukaryotes, which comprises of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids. Responsible enzymes are also non-homologous. Archaea also contains tetraether lipid
|
アーキア<cite>古細菌と呼ばれることが多いのですが、真性細菌と明確に区別するためにここではアーキアと記します。</cite>の脂質は、
sn-グリセロール1リン酸にイソプレン骨格がエーテル結合しています。
これは、グリセロール3リン酸と脂肪酸を利用する真性細菌や真核生物と全く異なる構造で、生合成をおこなう酵素も相同ではありません。またテトラエーテル型と呼ばれるイソプレン骨格が末端で重合した環状脂質も広く存在し、これが単分子膜を形成すると考えられています。
}}
 
{{Twocolumn|
Archaea are separated into two phyla which show three different characters (Table 1: leftmost column).
|
アーキアの系統はcrenarchaeotaとeuryarchaetaに分かれますが、
特徴からみると三通りになります（表の最左カラム）。
}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table 1. {{Bilingual|アーキアの分類|Clades in Archaea}}
|-
! {{Bilingual|特徴|Character}} || Phyrum (綱) || Order (目) || Family (科)
|-
!rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタンを生成しない好熱菌|Non-methanogenic<br/>thermophils}}
|rowspan="3"|crenarchaeota
|desulfurococcales || desulfurococcaceae, pyrodictiaceae
|-
|sulfolobales || sulfolobaceae
|-
|thermoproteales || thermoproteaceae
|-
|rowspan="8"|euryarchaeota
|thermococcales || thermococcaceae
|-
|thermoplasmatales || thermoplasmataceae
|-
!{{Bilingual|高度好塩菌|Halophils}}
|halobacteriales || halobacteriaceae
|-
!rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタン生成菌|Methanogens}}
|methanobacteriales || methanobacteriaceae, methanothermaceae
|-
| methanococcales || methanococcaceae, methanocaldococcaceae
|-
| methanomicrobiales || methanomicrobiaceae, methanospirillaceae
|-
| methanopyrales || methanopyraceae
|-
| methanosarcinales || methanosarcinaceae, methanosaetaceae
|}
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table 2. {{Bilingual|取り扱うアーキアの属名一覧|Genus Names in This Database}}
|-
! Family (科) || Genus (属)
|-
|desulfurococcaceae||Aeropyrum, Desulfurococcus
|-
|pyrodictiaceae||Pyrolobus
|-
|sulfolobales||Acidianus, Sulfolobus
|-
|thermoproteaceae||Pyrobaculum, Thermoproteus
|-
|thermococcaceae||Pyrococcus, Thermococcus
|-
|thermoplasmataceae||Thermoplasma
|-
|halobacteriaceae||Haloarcula, Halobacterium, Halococcus, Haloferax, Halorubrum, Natrialba, Natronobacterium, Notronococcus
|-
|methanobacteriaceae||Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera, Methanothermobacter
|-
|methanococcaceae||Methanothermococcus, Methanococcus
|-
|methanocaldococcaceae||Methanocaldococcus
|-
|methanomicrobiaceae||Methanomicrobium
|-
|methanospirillaceae||Mehtanospirillum
|-
|methanopyraceae||Mehtanospirillum
|-
|methanosarcinaceae||Methanococcoides, Methanohalophilus, Methanolobus, Methanosarcina
|}
 
以下に示す種は名前に気をつけてください。（旧→新）
* Methanosaeta concilii &rarr; Methanothrix soehngenii ([http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/m/notemethanothrix-methanosaeta.html detail])
* Halobacterium sodomense &rarr; Halorubrum sodomense ([http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/h/halobacterium.html detail])
* Halobacterium lacusprofundi &rarr; Halorubrum lacusprofundi ([http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/h/halobacterium.html detail])
* Caldariella acidophila &rarr; Sulfolobus solfataricus
 
 
<!---
==={{Bilingual|よく使う略称|Abbreviations}}===
アーキア脂質の名称の多くは日本人によって名付けられました。
{|
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
ArOP-OH && archaeol && 1-Propanol, 2,3-bis[[(3R,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]oxy]-, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate), (2S)-
CArOP-OH && caldarchaeol && 1,4,37,40-Tetraoxacyclodoheptacontane-2,38-dimethanol, 7,11,15,19,22,26,30,34,43,47,51,55,58,62,66,70-hexadecamethyl-, 2-(dihydrogen phosphate), (2S,38R)-
}}
|}
--->
=={{Bilingual|ID番号 (ページ名) の設計|Design of Fat acyl Page Titles}}==
{{Twocolumn|
Each page title contains chain-length, degree of unsaturation, position of double bonds, and backbone structure (branches, peroxidation, or prostanoids etc.).
|
各分子のページタイトルに鎖長、不飽和度、二重結合の位置、骨格タイプ（分岐や過酸化、プロスタノイドなど）がコード化されています。
}}
<center>
9-DIGIT
<table border=1>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>L</big>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>B</big>
<td style="background-color:darkseagreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>F</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x''</big>
<td style="background-color:purple; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z''</big>
<td style="background-color:green; color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''w''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
{{Twocolumn|
* ''x'' ... backbone type
* ''y'' ... polar-head type
* ''z'' ... sugar type
* ''w'' ... number of sugars
* ''c'' ... serial number
|
* ''x'' ... バックボーンの構造
* ''y'' ... 極性基（リン酸部分）の構造
* ''z'' ... 糖のタイプ
* ''w'' ... 糖の個数
* ''c'' ... 通し番号
}}
 
==Classification <small>分類</small>==
 
===Backbone Structure <small>基本構造</small>===
 
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! Order || Backbone || Polar-head || Sugar
{{#replace:
{{#lua:
  desulfurococcales ={{},{},{}}
  sulfolobales ={{},{},{}}
  thermoproteales ={{},{},{}}
  thermococcales ={{},{},{}}
  thermoplasmatales ={{},{},{}}
  halobacteriales ={{},{},{}}
  methanobacteriales ={{},{},{}}
  methanococcales ={{},{},{}}
  methanomicrobiales ={{},{},{}}
  methanopyrales ={{},{},{}}
  methanosarcinales ={{},{},{}}
 
  function printtable(name, T) print("\n&-\n&"..name.." && ") for k,v in pairs(T[1]) do print(k) end print(" && ") for k,v in pairs(T[2]) do print(k) end print(" && ") for k,v in pairs(T[3]) do print(k) end end
  function register(T, id) T[1][string.sub(id,4,4)] = true T[2][string.sub(id,5,5)] = true T[3][string.sub(id,6,6)] = true end
 
  for ref, sp, id in stdin:gmatch("&?&?([%w\. ]+)&&([%w\., ]+)&&([^\n]+)") do
    if (string.match(sp,"Aeropyrum") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurococcus") or string.match(sp,"Pyrolobus"))
      then register(desulfurococcales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Acidianus") or string.match(sp,"Sulfolobus"))
      then register(sulfolobales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrobaculum") or string.match(sp,"Thermoproteus"))
      then register(thermoproteales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrococcus") or string.match(sp,"Thermococcus"))
      then register(thermococcales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Thermoplasma"))
      then register(thermoplasmatales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Haloarcula") or string.match(sp,"Halobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Halococcus") or string.match(sp,"Haloferax") or string.match(sp,"Halorubrum") or string.match(sp,"Natrialba") or string.match(sp,"Natronobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Natronococcus"))
      then register(halobacteriales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Methanobrevibacter") or string.match(sp,"Methanosphaera") or string.match(sp,"Methanothermobacter"))
      then register(methanobacteriales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanothermococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanocaldococcus"))
      then register(methanococcales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanomicrobium") or string.match(sp,"Methanospirillum"))
      then register(methanomicrobiales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanopyrus"))
      then register(methanopyrales, id)
    elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanococcoides") or string.match(sp,"Methanohalophilus") or string.match(sp,"Methanolobus") or string.match(sp,"Methanosarcina"))
      then register(methanosarcinales, id)
    end
  end
  printtable("desulfurococcales", desulfurococcales)
  printtable("sulfolobales",sulfolobales)
  printtable("thermoproteales",thermoproteales)
  printtable("thermococcales",thermococcales)
  printtable("thermoplasmatales",thermoplasmatales)
  printtable("halobacteriales",halobacteriales)
  printtable("methanobacteriales",methanobacteriales)
  printtable("methanococcales",methanococcales)
  printtable("methanomicrobiales",methanomicrobiales)
  printtable("methanopyrales",methanopyrales)
  printtable("mehtanosarcinales",methanosarcinales)
|
{{#SearchLine:&&LBA|Reference}}
}}
|&|{{#bar:}}}}
|}
</center>
 
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
|+ Backbone Structure
|- valign="top"
|align="center"| A: archaeol
|align="center"| H: hydroxy archaeol
|align="center"| U: unsaturated (alkenyl) archaeol
|-
|align="center"| C: caldachaeol
|align="center"| D: calditocaldarchaeol
|align="center"| Y: cyclic archaeol
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
|+ Polar-head Types
|- valign="top"
|align="center"| N: no structure
|align="center"| A: aminopentanetetrol
|align="center"| C: phosphocholine
|-
|align="center"| E: phosphoethanolamine
|align="center"| I: phosphoinositol
|align="center"| P: phosphate
|-
|align="center"| S: phosphoserine
|align="center"| G: phosphoglycerol
|align="center"| X: others
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
|+ Sugar Types
|- valign="top"
|align="center"| G: glucose and galactose
|align="center"| M: including mannose
|align="center"| L: including gulose
|-
|align="center"| S: including HSO3
|align="center"| C: including nonitol
|align="center"| X: others
|}
</center>

Latest revision as of 07:45, 24 March 2013

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