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| {{#def:LANG|{{#getenv:LANG}}}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Category:LBGA]] |
| {{Huge|{{Bilingual|アーキア脂質|Archaeal Lipid}}}}
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| {{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
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| ==Class Overview==
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Archaeal lipid is composed of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate and isoprenoids. This composition is different from lipid in eubacteria and eukaryotes, which comprises of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids. Responsible enzymes are also non-homologous. Archaea also contains tetraether lipid
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| アーキア<cite>古細菌と呼ばれることが多いのですが、真性細菌と明確に区別するためにここではアーキアと記します。</cite>の脂質は、
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| sn-グリセロール1リン酸にイソプレン骨格がエーテル結合しています。
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| これは、グリセロール3リン酸と脂肪酸を利用する真性細菌や真核生物と全く異なる構造で、生合成をおこなう酵素も相同ではありません。またテトラエーテル型と呼ばれるイソプレン骨格が末端で重合した環状脂質も広く存在し、これが単分子膜を形成すると考えられています。
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| }}
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| <references/>
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| ==={{Bilingual|系統|Phylogeny}}===
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Archaea are separated into two phyla which show three different characters (Table 1: leftmost column).
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| アーキアの系統はcrenarchaeotaとeuryarchaetaに分かれますが、
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| 特徴からみると三通りになります（表の最左カラム）。
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| }}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Table 1. {{Bilingual|アーキアの分類|Clades in Archaea}}
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| |-
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| ! {{Bilingual|特徴|Character}} || Phyrum (綱) || Order (目) || Family (科)
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| |-
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| !rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタンを生成しない好熱菌|Non-methanogenic<br/>hyperthermophils}}
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| |rowspan="3"|crenarchaeota
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| |desulfurococcales || desulfurococcaceae, pyrodictiaceae
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| |-
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| |sulfolobales || sulfolobaceae
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| |-
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| |thermoproteales || thermoproteaceae
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| |-
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| |rowspan="8"|euryarchaeota
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| |thermococcales || thermococcaceae
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| |-
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| |thermoplasmatales || thermoplasmataceae
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| |-
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| !{{Bilingual|高度好塩菌|Halophils}}
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| |halobacteriales || halobacteriaceae
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| |-
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| !rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタン生成菌|Methanogens}}
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| |methanobacteriales || methanobacteriaceae, methanothermaceae
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| |-
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| | methanococcales || methanococcaceae, methanocaldococcaceae
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| |-
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| | methanomicrobiales || methanomicrobiaceae, methanospirillaceae
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| |-
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| | methanopyrales || methanopyraceae
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| |-
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| | methanosarcinales || methanosarcinaceae, methanosaetaceae
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| |}
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| ==={{Bilingual|脂質命名法|Nomenclature}}===
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| アーキア脂質の名称の多くは日本人によって名付けられました。
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| {|
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| |-
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| | Archaeol [[Image:LBAA.png]]
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| | 2,3-di-O-alkyl sn-glycerol diether のこと。アルキル基はC20かC25のイソプレン。Archaetidic acid はその1リン酸エステル。
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| |-
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| | Caldarchaeol [[Image:LBAC.png]]
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| | 2分子のグリセロールがsn-2, sn-3 位でアルカンジオールとエーテル結合したテトラエーテル。
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| |-
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| | Isocaldarchaeol [[Image:LBAI.png]]
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| | 片方のグリセロールがCaldarchaeolと向きの違う異性体
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| |}
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| =={{Bilingual|ID番号 (ページ名) の設計|Design of Fat acyl Page Titles}}==
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Each ID contains information on backbone type, chemical modification of polar head, and attached sugars.
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| 各分子のページIDは基本骨格、極性基のタイプ、糖のタイプがコード化されています。
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| }}
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| <center>
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| 9-DIGIT
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| <table border=1>
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| <tr>
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| <td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>L</big>
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| <td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>B</big>
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| <td style="background-color:darkseagreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>A</big>
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| <td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:purple; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:green; color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''w''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| </center>
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| * ''x'' ... backbone type
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| * ''y'' ... polar-head type
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| * ''z'' ... sugar type
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| * ''w'' ... number of sugars
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| * ''c'' ... serial number
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| * ''x'' ... バックボーンの構造
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| * ''y'' ... 極性基（リン酸部分）の構造
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| * ''z'' ... 糖のタイプ
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| * ''w'' ... 糖の個数
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| * ''c'' ... 通し番号
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| }}
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| ==Classification <small>分類</small>==
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| ===Backbone Structure <small>基本構造</small>===
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| <center>
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| {|
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| |valign="top"|
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| {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
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| ! Backbone Structure
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| |- valign="top"
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAA|A: archaeol]] (C20,C20 type below) <br/>[[Image:LBAA.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAH|H: hydroxy & methoxy archaeol]] (sn-2-hydroxy below) <br/>[[Image:LBAH.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAU|U: unsaturated (alkenyl) archaeol]]<br/>[[Image:LBAU.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAC|C: caldachaeol]] (tetraether type)<br/>[[Image:LBAC.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAD|D: calditocaldarchaeol]]<br/>[[Image:LBAD.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAY|Y: cyclic archaeol]]<br/>[[Image:LBAY.png]]
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| |}
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| |valign="top"|
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Order || Backbone (see left) || Polar-head || Sugar
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| {{#replace:
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| {{#lua:
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| desulfurococcales ={{},{},{}}
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| sulfolobales ={{},{},{}}
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| thermoproteales ={{},{},{}}
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| thermococcales ={{},{},{}}
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| thermoplasmatales ={{},{},{}}
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| halobacteriales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanobacteriales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanococcales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanomicrobiales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanopyrales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanosarcinales ={{},{},{}}
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| function printRow(name, T, reg) print("\n&-\n&[[Volatile:ListMolByReference&"..reg.."&"..name.."]] && ") for k,v in pairs(T[1]) do print(k.."("..v..") ") end print(" && ") for k,v in pairs(T[2]) do print(k.."("..v..") ") end print(" && ") for k,v in pairs(T[3]) do print(k.."("..v..") ") end end
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|
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| function register(T, id) local s = string.sub(id,4,4) if (T[1][s] == nil) then T[1][s]=1 else T[1][s]= T[1][s] + 1 end s = string.sub(id,5,5) if (T[2][s] == nil) then T[2][s]=1 else T[2][s]= T[2][s] + 1 end s = string.sub(id,6,6) if (T[3][s] == nil) then T[3][s]=1 else T[3][s]= T[3][s] + 1 end end
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| for ref, sp, id in stdin:gmatch("&?&?([%w\. ]+)&&([%w\., ]+)&&([^\n]+)") do
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| if (string.match(sp,"Aeropyrum") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurococcus") or string.match(sp,"Pyrolobus"))
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| then register(desulfurococcales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Acidianus") or string.match(sp,"Sulfolobus") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurolobus"))
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| then register(sulfolobales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrobaculum") or string.match(sp,"Thermoproteus"))
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| then register(thermoproteales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrococcus") or string.match(sp,"Thermococcus"))
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| then register(thermococcales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Thermoplasma"))
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| then register(thermoplasmatales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Haloarcula") or string.match(sp,"Halobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Halococcus") or string.match(sp,"Haloferax") or string.match(sp,"Halorubrum") or string.match(sp,"Natrialba") or string.match(sp,"Natronobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Natronococcus"))
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| then register(halobacteriales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Methanobrevibacter") or string.match(sp,"Methanosphaera") or string.match(sp,"Methanothermobacter"))
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| then register(methanobacteriales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanothermococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanocaldococcus"))
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| then register(methanococcales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanomicrobium") or string.match(sp,"Methanospirillum"))
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| then register(methanomicrobiales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanopyrus"))
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| then register(methanopyrales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanococcoides") or string.match(sp,"Methanohalophilus") or string.match(sp,"Methanolobus") or string.match(sp,"Methanosarcina"))
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| then register(methanosarcinales, id)
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| end
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| end
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| printRow("desulfurococcales", desulfurococcales, "Aeropyrum~Desulfurococcus~Pyrolobus")
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| printRow("sulfolobales",sulfolobales, "Acidianus~Sulfolobus~Desulfurolobus")
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| printRow("thermoproteales",thermoproteales, "Pyrobaculum~Thermoproteus")
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| printRow("thermococcales",thermococcales, "Pyrococcus~Thermococcus")
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| printRow("thermoplasmatales",thermoplasmatales, "Thermoplasma")
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| printRow("halobacteriales",halobacteriales, "Haloarcula~Halobacterium~Halococcus~Haloferax~Halorubrum~Natrialba~Natronobacterium~Natronococcus")
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| printRow("methanobacteriales",methanobacteriales, "Methanobacterium~Methanobrevibacter~Methanosphaera~Methanothermobacter")
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| printRow("methanococcales",methanococcales, "Methanothermococcus~Methanococcus~Methanocaldococcus")
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| printRow("methanomicrobiales",methanomicrobiales, "Methanomicrobium~Methanospirillum")
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| printRow("methanopyrales",methanopyrales, "Methanopyrus")
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| printRow("mehtanosarcinales",methanosarcinales, "Methanococcoides~Methanohalophilus~Methanolobus~Methanosarcina")
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| {{#SearchLine:&&LBA|Reference}}
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| }}
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| |&|{{#bar:}}}}
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| |}
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| ;Polar-head Type : N: no structure; P: phosphate; C: phosphocholine; E: phosphoethanolamine; I: phosphoinositol; S: phosphoserine; G: phosphoglycerol; A: aminopentanetetrol; X: others
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| ;Sugar Type : G: glucose and galactose; M: including mannose; L: including gulose; S: including HSO3; X: others;
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| |}
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| </center>
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