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| {{#def:LANG|{{#getenv:LANG}}}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Category:LBGA]] |
| {{Huge|{{Bilingual|アーキア脂質|Archaeal Lipid}}}}
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| {{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
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| ==Class Overview==
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Archaeal lipid is composed of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate and isoprenoids. This composition is different from lipid in eubacteria and eukaryotes, which comprises of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids. Responsible enzymes are also non-homologous. Archaea also contains tetraether lipid
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| アーキア<cite>古細菌と呼ばれることが多いのですが、真性細菌と明確に区別するためにここではアーキアと記します。</cite>の脂質は、
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| sn-グリセロール1リン酸にイソプレン骨格がエーテル結合しています。
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| これは、グリセロール3リン酸と脂肪酸を利用する真性細菌や真核生物と全く異なる構造で、生合成をおこなう酵素も相同ではありません。またテトラエーテル型と呼ばれるイソプレン骨格が末端で重合した環状脂質も広く存在し、これが単分子膜を形成すると考えられています。
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| }}
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| <references/>
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| ==={{Bilingual|系統|Phylogeny}}===
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Archaea are separated into two phyla which show three different characters (Table 1: leftmost column).
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| アーキアはcrenarchaeotaとeuryarchaetaに分かれますが、
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| 特徴からみると三通りになります（表の最左カラム）。
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| }}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Table 1. {{Bilingual|アーキアの分類|Clades in Archaea}}
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| |-
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| ! {{Bilingual|特徴|Character}} || Phyrum (綱) || Order (目) || Family (科)
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| |-
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| !rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタンを生成しない超好熱菌|Non-methanogenic<br/>hyperthermophils}}
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| |rowspan="3"|crenarchaeota
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| |desulfurococcales || desulfurococcaceae, pyrodictiaceae
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| |-
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| |sulfolobales || sulfolobaceae
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| |-
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| |thermoproteales || thermoproteaceae
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| |-
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| |rowspan="8"|euryarchaeota
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| |thermococcales || thermococcaceae
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| |-
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| |thermoplasmatales || thermoplasmataceae
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| |-
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| !{{Bilingual|高度好塩菌|Halophils}}
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| |halobacteriales || halobacteriaceae
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| |-
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| !rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタン生成菌|Methanogens}}
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| |methanobacteriales || methanobacteriaceae, methanothermaceae
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| |-
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| | methanococcales || methanococcaceae, methanocaldococcaceae
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| |-
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| | methanomicrobiales || methanomicrobiaceae, methanospirillaceae
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| |-
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| | methanopyrales || methanopyraceae
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| |-
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| | methanosarcinales || methanosarcinaceae, methanosaetaceae
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| |}
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| ==={{Bilingual|脂質命名法|Nomenclature}}===
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| {{Bilingual|
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| Much of archaeal lipid were named by a Japanese research group<ref>Nishihara M, Morii H, Koga Y (1987) "Structure determination of a quartet of novel tetraether lipids from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum", Journal of Biochemistry 101:1007-1015</ref>.
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| アーキア脂質の名称の多くは日本人によって名付けられました。
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| }}
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| {|
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| |-
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| !Archaeol (= 2,3-di-O-alkyl sn-glycerol diether) [[Image:LBAA.png]]
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| {{Bilingual|アルキル基はC20かC25のイソプレン。Archaetidic acid はその1リン酸エステル。
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| The alkyl chain is either C20- or C25-isoprene. Archaetidic acid refers to its monophophate ether.
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| }}
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| |-
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| !Caldarchaeol [[Image:LBAC.png]]
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| {{Bilingual|2分子のグリセロールがsn-2, sn-3 位でアルカンジオールとエーテル結合したテトラエーテル。超高熱菌から見出されたため cald (= hot) の名前がつく
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| An tetraether where 2 glycerol molecules are connected with 2 alkanediols at sn-2 and sn-3 positions. It was first identified from a hyperthermophil, and therefore has "cald" (=hot) in its name.
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| }}
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| |-
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| !Isocaldarchaeol [[Image:LBAI.png]]
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| {{Bilingual|片方のグリセロールがCaldarchaeolと向きの違う異性体
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| A geometric isomer of caldarchaeol where the alkanediols connect sn-2 and sn-2 (or sn-3 and sn-3) positions.
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| }}
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| |-
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| ! Calditocaldarchaeol [[Image:LBAD.png]]
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| {{Bilingual|カルジトールは水酸基を5つ有する炭素五員環がsn-1部位でグリセロールにエーテル結合した構造。以前は異なる構造が報告されており nonitol と呼ばれた時期もあった
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| Calditol refers to a 5-carbon cyclic polyol connected to sn-1 glycerol by an ether linkage. It was once called nonitol and the structure was also considered different.<ref>Bleriot Y, Untersteller E, Fritz B, Sinay P "Total Synthesis of calditol: Structural clarification of this typical component of archaea order Sulfolobales", Chemistry, 8(1):240-246</ref>
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| }}
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| |}
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| <references/>
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| =={{Bilingual|ID番号 (ページ名) の設計|Design of Fat acyl Page Titles}}==
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Each ID contains information on backbone type, chemical modification of polar head, and attached sugars.
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| 各分子のページIDは基本骨格、極性基のタイプ、糖のタイプがコード化されています。
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| }}
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| <center>
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| 9-DIGIT
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| <table border=1>
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| <tr>
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| <td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>L</big>
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| <td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>B</big>
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| <td style="background-color:darkseagreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>A</big>
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| <td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:purple; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:green; color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''w''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| </center>
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| * ''x'' ... backbone type
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| * ''y'' ... polar-head type
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| * ''z'' ... sugar type
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| * ''w'' ... number of sugars
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| * ''c'' ... serial number
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| * ''x'' ... バックボーンの構造
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| * ''y'' ... 極性基（リン酸部分）の構造
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| * ''z'' ... 糖のタイプ
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| * ''w'' ... 糖の個数
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| * ''c'' ... 通し番号
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| }}
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| ==Classification <small>分類</small>==
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| ===Backbone Structure <small>基本構造</small>===
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| <center>
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| {|
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| |valign="top"|
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| {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
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| ! Backbone Structure
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| |- valign="top"
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAA|A: archaeol]] (C20,C20 type below) <br/>[[Image:LBAA.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAH|H: hydroxy & methoxy archaeol]] (sn-2-hydroxy below) <br/>[[Image:LBAH.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAU|U: unsaturated (alkenyl) archaeol]]<br/>[[Image:LBAU.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAC|C: caldachaeol]] (tetraether type)<br/>[[Image:LBAC.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAD|D: calditocaldarchaeol]]<br/>[[Image:LBAD.png]]
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| |-
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| |[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBAY|Y: cyclic archaeol]]<br/>[[Image:LBAY.png]]
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| |}
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| |valign="top"|
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Order || Backbone (see left) || Polar-head || Sugar
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| {{#replace:
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| {{#lua:
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| desulfurococcales ={{},{},{}}
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| sulfolobales ={{},{},{}}
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| thermoproteales ={{},{},{}}
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| thermococcales ={{},{},{}}
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| thermoplasmatales ={{},{},{}}
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| halobacteriales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanobacteriales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanococcales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanomicrobiales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanopyrales ={{},{},{}}
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| methanosarcinales ={{},{},{}}
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| function printRow(name, T, reg) print("\n&-\n&[[Volatile:ListMolByReference&"..reg.."&"..name.."]] && ") for k,v in pairs(T[1]) do print(k.."("..v..") ") end print(" && ") for k,v in pairs(T[2]) do print(k.."("..v..") ") end print(" && ") for k,v in pairs(T[3]) do print(k.."("..v..") ") end end
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|
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| function register(T, id) local s = string.sub(id,4,4) if (T[1][s] == nil) then T[1][s]=1 else T[1][s]= T[1][s] + 1 end s = string.sub(id,5,5) if (T[2][s] == nil) then T[2][s]=1 else T[2][s]= T[2][s] + 1 end s = string.sub(id,6,6) if (T[3][s] == nil) then T[3][s]=1 else T[3][s]= T[3][s] + 1 end end
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| for ref, sp, id in stdin:gmatch("&?&?([%w\. ]+)&&([%w\., ]+)&&([^\n]+)") do
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| if (string.match(sp,"Aeropyrum") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurococcus") or string.match(sp,"Pyrolobus"))
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| then register(desulfurococcales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Acidianus") or string.match(sp,"Sulfolobus") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurolobus"))
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| then register(sulfolobales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrobaculum") or string.match(sp,"Thermoproteus"))
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| then register(thermoproteales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrococcus") or string.match(sp,"Thermococcus"))
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| then register(thermococcales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Thermoplasma"))
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| then register(thermoplasmatales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Haloarcula") or string.match(sp,"Halobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Halococcus") or string.match(sp,"Haloferax") or string.match(sp,"Halorubrum") or string.match(sp,"Natrialba") or string.match(sp,"Natronobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Natronococcus"))
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| then register(halobacteriales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Methanobrevibacter") or string.match(sp,"Methanosphaera") or string.match(sp,"Methanothermobacter"))
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| then register(methanobacteriales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanothermococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanocaldococcus"))
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| then register(methanococcales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanomicrobium") or string.match(sp,"Methanospirillum"))
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| then register(methanomicrobiales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanopyrus"))
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| then register(methanopyrales, id)
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanococcoides") or string.match(sp,"Methanohalophilus") or string.match(sp,"Methanolobus") or string.match(sp,"Methanosarcina"))
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| then register(methanosarcinales, id)
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| end
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| end
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| printRow("desulfurococcales", desulfurococcales, "Aeropyrum~Desulfurococcus~Pyrolobus")
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| printRow("sulfolobales",sulfolobales, "Acidianus~Sulfolobus~Desulfurolobus")
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| printRow("thermoproteales",thermoproteales, "Pyrobaculum~Thermoproteus")
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| printRow("thermococcales",thermococcales, "Pyrococcus~Thermococcus")
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| printRow("thermoplasmatales",thermoplasmatales, "Thermoplasma")
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| printRow("halobacteriales",halobacteriales, "Haloarcula~Halobacterium~Halococcus~Haloferax~Halorubrum~Natrialba~Natronobacterium~Natronococcus")
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| printRow("methanobacteriales",methanobacteriales, "Methanobacterium~Methanobrevibacter~Methanosphaera~Methanothermobacter")
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| printRow("methanococcales",methanococcales, "Methanothermococcus~Methanococcus~Methanocaldococcus")
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| printRow("methanomicrobiales",methanomicrobiales, "Methanomicrobium~Methanospirillum")
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| printRow("methanopyrales",methanopyrales, "Methanopyrus")
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| printRow("mehtanosarcinales",methanosarcinales, "Methanococcoides~Methanohalophilus~Methanolobus~Methanosarcina")
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| {{#SearchLine:&&LBA|Reference}}
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| }}
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| |&|{{#bar:}}}}
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| |}
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| ;Polar-head Type : N: no structure; P: phosphate; C: phosphocholine; E: phosphoethanolamine; I: phosphoinositol; S: phosphoserine; G: phosphoglycerol; A: aminopentanetetrol; X: others
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| ;Sugar Type : G: glucose and galactose; M: including mannose; L: including gulose; S: including HSO3; X: others;
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| |}
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| </center>
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