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| {{#def:LANG|{{#getenv:LANG}}}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Category:LBGA]] |
| {{Huge|{{Bilingual|アーキア脂質|Archaeal Lipid}}}}
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| {{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
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| ==Class Overview==
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Archaeal lipid is composed of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate and isoprenoids. This composition is different from lipid in eubacteria and eukaryotes, which comprises of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids. Responsible enzymes are also non-homologous. Archaea also contains tetraether lipid
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| アーキア<cite>古細菌と呼ばれることが多いのですが、真性細菌と明確に区別するためにここではアーキアと記します。</cite>の脂質は、
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| sn-グリセロール1リン酸にイソプレン骨格がエーテル結合しています。
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| これは、グリセロール3リン酸と脂肪酸を利用する真性細菌や真核生物と全く異なる構造で、生合成をおこなう酵素も相同ではありません。またテトラエーテル型と呼ばれるイソプレン骨格が末端で重合した環状脂質も広く存在し、これが単分子膜を形成すると考えられています。
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| }}
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Archaea are separated into two phyla which show three different characters (Table 1: leftmost column).
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| アーキアの系統はcrenarchaeotaとeuryarchaetaに分かれますが、
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| 特徴からみると三通りになります（表の最左カラム）。
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| }}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Table 1. {{Bilingual|アーキアの分類|Clades in Archaea}}
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| |-
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| ! {{Bilingual|特徴|Character}} || Phyrum (綱) || Order (目) || Family (科)
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| |-
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| !rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタンを生成しない好熱菌|Non-methanogenic<br/>thermophils}}
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| |rowspan="3"|crenarchaeota
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| |desulfurococcales || desulfurococcaceae, pyrodictiaceae
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| |-
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| |sulfolobales || sulfolobaceae
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| |-
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| |thermoproteales || thermoproteaceae
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| |-
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| |rowspan="8"|euryarchaeota
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| |thermococcales || thermococcaceae
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| |-
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| |thermoplasmatales || thermoplasmataceae
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| |-
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| !{{Bilingual|高度好塩菌|Halophils}}
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| |halobacteriales || halobacteriaceae
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| |-
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| !rowspan="5"|{{Bilingual|メタン生成菌|Methanogens}}
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| |methanobacteriales || methanobacteriaceae, methanothermaceae
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| |-
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| | methanococcales || methanococcaceae, methanocaldococcaceae
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| |-
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| | methanomicrobiales || methanomicrobiaceae, methanospirillaceae
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| |-
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| | methanopyrales || methanopyraceae
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| |-
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| | methanosarcinales || methanosarcinaceae, methanosaetaceae
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Table 2. {{Bilingual|取り扱うアーキアの属名一覧|Genus Names in This Database}}
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| |-
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| ! Family (科) || Genus (属)
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| |-
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| |desulfurococcaceae||Aeropyrum, Desulfurococcus
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| |-
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| |pyrodictiaceae||Pyrolobus
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| |-
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| |sulfolobales||Acidianus, Sulfolobus
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| |-
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| |thermoproteaceae||Pyrobaculum, Thermoproteus
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| |-
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| |thermococcaceae||Pyrococcus, Thermococcus
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| |-
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| |thermoplasmataceae||Thermoplasma
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| |-
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| |halobacteriaceae||Haloarcula, Halobacterium, Halococcus, Haloferax, Halorubrum, Natrialba, Natronobacterium, Notronococcus
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| |-
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| |methanobacteriaceae||Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera, Methanothermobacter
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| |-
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| |methanococcaceae||Methanothermococcus, Methanococcus
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| |-
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| |methanocaldococcaceae||Methanocaldococcus
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| |-
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| |methanomicrobiaceae||Methanomicrobium
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| |-
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| |methanospirillaceae||Mehtanospirillum
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| |-
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| |methanopyraceae||Mehtanospirillum
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| |-
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| |methanosarcinaceae||Methanococcoides, Methanohalophilus, Methanolobus, Methanosarcina
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| |}
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| 以下に示す種は名前に気をつけてください。（旧→新）
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| * Methanosaeta concilii → Methanothrix soehngenii ([http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/m/notemethanothrix-methanosaeta.html detail])
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| * Halobacterium sodomense → Halorubrum sodomense ([http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/h/halobacterium.html detail])
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| * Halobacterium lacusprofundi → Halorubrum lacusprofundi ([http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/h/halobacterium.html detail])
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| * Caldariella acidophila → Sulfolobus solfataricus
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| <!---
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| ==={{Bilingual|よく使う略称|Abbreviations}}===
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| アーキア脂質の名称の多くは日本人によって名付けられました。
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| {|
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| {{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
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| ArOP-OH && archaeol && 1-Propanol, 2,3-bis[[(3R,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]oxy]-, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate), (2S)-
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| CArOP-OH && caldarchaeol && 1,4,37,40-Tetraoxacyclodoheptacontane-2,38-dimethanol, 7,11,15,19,22,26,30,34,43,47,51,55,58,62,66,70-hexadecamethyl-, 2-(dihydrogen phosphate), (2S,38R)-
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| }}
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| |}
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| --->
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| =={{Bilingual|ID番号 (ページ名) の設計|Design of Fat acyl Page Titles}}==
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| Each page title contains chain-length, degree of unsaturation, position of double bonds, and backbone structure (branches, peroxidation, or prostanoids etc.).
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| 各分子のページタイトルに鎖長、不飽和度、二重結合の位置、骨格タイプ（分岐や過酸化、プロスタノイドなど）がコード化されています。
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| }}
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| <center>
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| 9-DIGIT
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| <table border=1>
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| <tr>
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| <td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>L</big>
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| <td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>B</big>
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| <td style="background-color:darkseagreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>F</big>
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| <td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:purple; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:green; color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''w''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
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| <td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c''</big>
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| </tr>
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| </table>
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| </center>
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| {{Twocolumn|
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| * ''x'' ... backbone type
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| * ''y'' ... polar-head type
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| * ''z'' ... sugar type
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| * ''w'' ... number of sugars
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| * ''c'' ... serial number
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| * ''x'' ... バックボーンの構造
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| * ''y'' ... 極性基（リン酸部分）の構造
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| * ''z'' ... 糖のタイプ
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| * ''w'' ... 糖の個数
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| * ''c'' ... 通し番号
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| }}
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| ==Classification <small>分類</small>==
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| ===Backbone Structure <small>基本構造</small>===
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| <center>
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| {| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
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| |+ Classification by Chain Length [[Image:LBF.png|100px]]
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| |- valign="top"
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| |align="center"| LBAA: archaeol
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| |align="center"| LBAH: hydroxy archaeol
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| |align="center"| LBAU: unsaturated (alkenyl) archaeol
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| |-
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| |align="center"| LBAC: caldachaeol
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| |align="center"| LBAD: calditocaldarchaeol
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| |align="center"| LBAY: cyclic archaeol
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| |}
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| </center>
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| {{#replace:
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| {{#lua:
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| desulfurococcales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| sulfolobales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| thermoproteales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| thermococcales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| thermoplasmatales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| halobacteriales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| methanobacteriales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| methanococcales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| methanomicrobiales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| methanopyrales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| methanosarcinales = {A=false,H=false,U=false,C=false,D=false,Y=false}
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| for ref, sp, id in stdin:gmatch("&?&?([%w\. ]+)&&([%w\., ]+)&&([^\n]+)") do
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| if (string.match(sp,"Aeropyrum") or string.match(sp,"Desulfurococcus") or string.match(sp,"Pyrolobus"))
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| then desulfurococcales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Acidianus") or string.match(sp,"Sulfolobus"))
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| then sulfolobales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrobaculum") or string.match(sp,"Thermoproteus"))
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| then thermoproteales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Pyrococcus") or string.match(sp,"Thermococcus"))
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| then thermococcales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Thermoplasma"))
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| then thermoplasmatales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Haloarcula") or string.match(sp,"Halobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Halococcus") or string.match(sp,"Haloferax") or string.match(sp,"Halorubrum") or string.match(sp,"Natrialba") or string.match(sp,"Natronobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Natronococcus"))
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| then halobacteriales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanobacterium") or string.match(sp,"Methanobrevibacter") or string.match(sp,"Methanosphaera") or string.match(sp,"Methanothermobacter"))
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| then methanobacteriales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanothermococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanococcus") or string.match(sp,"Methanocaldococcus"))
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| then methanococcales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanomicrobium") or string.match(sp,"Methanospirillum"))
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| then methanomicrobiales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanopyrus"))
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| then methanopyrales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| elseif (string.match(sp,"Methanococcoides") or string.match(sp,"Methanohalophilus") or string.match(sp,"Methanolobus") or string.match(sp,"Methanosarcina"))
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| then methanosarcinales[ string.sub(id,4,4) ] = true
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| end
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| end
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| print("\n&-\n&desulfurococcales && ") for k,v in pairs(desulfurococcales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&sulfolobales && ") for k,v in pairs(sulfolobales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&thermoproteales && ") for k,v in pairs(thermoproteales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&thermococcales && ") for k,v in pairs(thermococcales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&thermoplasmatales && ") for k,v in pairs(thermoplasmatales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&halobacteriales && ") for k,v in pairs(halobacteriales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&methanobacteriales && ") for k,v in pairs(methanobacteriales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&methanococcales && ") for k,v in pairs(methanococcales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&methanomicrobiales && ") for k,v in pairs(methanomicrobiales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&methanopyrales && ") for k,v in pairs(methanopyrales) do print(k,v) end
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| print("\n&-\n&mehtanosarcinales && ") for k,v in pairs(methanosarcinales) do print(k,v) end
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| {{#SearchLine:&&LBA|Reference}}
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| }}
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| |&|{{#bar:}}}}
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| |}
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