Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Model organism
Icon
Galactosylceramides (GalCer) (*β configuration unless otherwise state)
Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) (*β configuration unless otherwise state)
Glycosphingolipids (GSL)
ドメイン
界
門
綱
目
モデル生物
Species (Structure)
FA, LCB
References
Species (Structure)
FA, LCB
References
Species (Structure)
FA, LCB
References
Major series
真正細菌 Bacteria
バクテロイデス門 Bacteroidetes
腸内細菌
Bacteroides fragilis (α-GalCer)
br-h17:0,br-d17:0
PubMed
シアノバクテリア門 Cyanobacteria
藍色細菌
プロテオバクテリア門 Proteobacteria
大腸菌
Cystobacter fuscus (&beta-GalCer)
br-h17:0,br-d19:1
DOI
Sphingomonas paucimobilis (GlcAα-Cer)
h14:0,d18:0
PubMed
真核生物 Eukaryota
原生生物界 Protista
メタモナーダ門 Metamonada
鞭毛虫
Giardia lamblia
undescribed
PubMed
ユーグレノゾア門 Euglenozoa
Leishmania amazonensis
Plasmodium falciparum
undescribed
h10:0,h120,d18:0,d20:0
PubMed
PubMed
Leishmania amazonensis (Galβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
Plasmodium falciparum (trihexosylceramide)
Trypanosoma brucei (GM3,GM1,GD1a,GD1b)
undescribed
h12:0,h14:0,d18:0,d20:0
undescribed
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed
Globo, a-series, b-series
繊毛虫門 Ciliophora
繊毛虫
植物界 Plantae
緑藻植物門 Chlorophyta
クロレラ
Pseudococcomyxa chodatii
h16:0,h18:0,t18:0,t18:1
DOI
Chlorella kessleri (Galα1-4Galβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
undescribed
PubMed
Globo
ストレプト植物門 Streptophyta
緑色植物
Ginkgo biloba
Stenochlaena palustris
h16:0,d18:2
h24:0,d18:2
DOI
DOI
被子植物門 Angiosperm
シロイヌナズナ
Arabidopsis thaliana
h24:1,d18:1
PubMed
菌界 Fungi
接合菌門 Zygomycota
ケカビ、クモノスカビ
Mucor hiemalis
h16:0,h18:0,br-d19:2,d20:1
PubMed
Mucor hiemalis (Galβ1-6Galβ1-Cer)
h24:0,h25:0,h26:0,t18:0
PubMed
Gala
子嚢菌門 Ascomycota
酵母、コウジカビ
Aspergillus oryzae
h18:0,br-d19:2
PubMed
Aspergillus ryzae
h18:0,br-d19:2
PubMed
担子菌門 Basidiomycota
キノコ
Cryptococcus neoformans
h18:0,br-d19:2
PubMed
動物界 Animalia
海綿動物門 Porifera
カイメン
Agelas mauritianus (α-GalCer)
Chondropsis sp. (β-GalCer)
h24:0,br-t18:0
h24:0,br-d18:1
DOI
DOI
Halicona sp.
h22:0,t18:1
DOI
Amphimedon viridis (GlcNAcα1-Cer, GlcNAcβ1-Cer)
h22:0,br-t20:1;h22:0, br-t20:1,br-t19:0
DOI
刺胞動物門 Cnidaria
クラゲ
Metridium senile (α-GlcCer)
Sarcophyton ehrenbergi
h16:0,h20:0,br-d19:2
h18:0,br-d19:3
PubMed
PubMed
(旧口動物、冠輪) (Protostomia, Lophotrochozoa)
扁形動物門 Platyhelminthes
吸虫綱 Trematoda
ジストマ
Fasciola hepatica
18:0,h18:0,t18:0,t20:0
PubMed
Fasciola hepatica
Schistosoma mansoni
18:0,h18:0,t18:0,t20:0
h16:0,t18:0,t20:0
PubMed
PubMed
Fasciola hepatica (Galα1-4Galβ1 -4-Glcβ1-Cer)
Schistosoma mansoni (GalNAcβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer)
Schistosoma mansoni (GM1,GD1a,GD1b,GT1b)
undescribed
h16:0,26:0
undescribed
PubMed
PubMed
DOI
Globo, Schisto, Ganglio, a-series
渦虫綱 Tubellaria
プラナリア
Dugesia dorotocephala
undescribed
PubMed
条虫綱 Cestoda
サナダムシ
Diphyllobothrium hottai
16:0,18:0,26:0,28:0, d18:1,d20:0,t18:0,t20:0
PubMed
Diphyllobothrium hottai
16:0,18:0,26:0,28:0, d18:1,d20:0,t18:0,t20:0
PubMed
Diphyllobothrium hottai (Galβ1-4(Fucα3)Glcβ1 -3Gal-β1-Cer)
Spirometra erinacei (Galβ1-4(Fucα3)Glcβ1 -3Gal-β1-Cer)
Echinococcus multilocularis (GM1,GM3,GD1a,GM2)
16:0,18:0,26:0,28:0, d18:0,d20:0,t18:0
18:0,18:1,d18:0,t18:0
16:0,24:0,24:1,d18:1
PubMed
PubMed
PubMed
Spirometo
外肛動物門 Bryozoa
コケムシ
腕足動物門 Brachiopoda
シャミセンガイ
Lingula unguis
h16:0,h17:0,h18:0,d18:1, d18:3
DOI
Lingula unguis (Manα1-3Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
16:0,18:0,d18:3
DOI
Mollu
環形動物門 Annelida
貧毛綱 Oligochaeta
ミミズ
Pheretima aspergillum
22:0,24:0,h22:0,h23:0, h24:0,br-d18:1,d18:1,t18:0
DOI
Pheretima aspergillum
22:0,24:0,br-d18:1,d18:1, br-d19:1
DOI
Pheretima aspergillum (Galβa1-6Galβ1-Cer)
Pheretima hilgendorfi (PC-6Galβ1-6Galβ1-Cer)
22:0,24:0,h24:0, br-d18:1,d18:1,t18:0
22:0,24:0,br-d18:1, br-d19:1
DOI
PubMed
Neogala
ヒル綱 Hirudinea
ヒル
Hiruo nipponica (β-GalCer)
16:0,22:0,24:0,d18:1, br-d19:1,d22:3
DOI
Hirudo nipponica (Galα1-6Galβ1-Cer, PC-6Galβ1-6Galβ1-Cer)
16:0,22:0,24:0,d18:1, br-d19:1,16:0,22:0,24:0, t18:0,br-t19:0,d22:3
DOI
Isoneogala
多毛綱 Polychaeta
サシバゴカイ目 Phyllodocida
イトメ
Tylorrhynchus heterochetus
16:0,17:0,18:0,h16:0, h17:0 d18:1,d18:2
DOI
Tylorrhynchus heterochetus
16:0,17:0,18:0,h16:0, h17:0,LCB undescribed
DOI
Tylorrhynchus heterochetus (PC-6Galβ1-Cer)
16:0,d18:1,d18:2
DOI
ケヤリ目 Sabellida
エラコ
Pseudopotamilla occelata
16:0,18:0,h16:0,h18:0, d18:1
DOI
Pseudopotamilla occelata
16:0,18:0,h16:0,h18:0, d18:1
DOI
Pseudopotamilla occelata (Galα1-4Galβ1-Cer, Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer)
16:0,18:0,d18:1,20:1, 22:1,d18:1
DOI
Gala
軟体動物門 Mollusca
二枚貝綱 Bivalvia
二枚貝
Hyriopsis schlegelii /egg
14:0,16:0,h16:0,d18:1, br-d19:1
PubMed
Hyriopsis schlegelii /egg
14:0,16:0,h16:0,d18:1, br-d19:1
PubMed
Hyriopsis schlegelii /sperm (Manα1-3Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
16:0,18:0,20:0,d18:1, br-18:1
PubMed
PubMed
Mollu
腹足綱 Gastropoda
巻貝
Chlorostoma argyrostoma, Chlorostoma turbinatum
16:0,h16:0,h18:0,d18:1, d18:2
PubMed
Euhadra hickonis
16:0,h16:0,br-d19:1,d18:1
DOI
Chlorostoma argyrostoma (Galβ1-6Galβ1-Cer), Chlorostoma turbinatum (Galβ1-6Galβ1-Cer)
16:0,17:0,h16:0,h18:0, d18:1,br-d18:1,d18:2, d19:1
PubMed
Neogala
頭足綱 Cephalopoda
イカ、タコ
Ommastrephes sloani pacificus /sperm
16:0,18:0,22:0,22:1, d16:1
滋賀大学教育学部紀要、自然科学・教育科学,44,17-23,1994
Ommastrephes sloani pacificus /sperm
16:0,18:0,22:0,22:1, d16:1
滋賀大学教育学部紀要、自然科学・教育科学,44,17-23,1994
Ommastrephes sloani pacificus /sperm (Manβ1-4Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
Todarodes pacificu (GT3,GQ1c)
16:0,18:1,22:1,24:1, d16:1
undescribed
滋賀大学教育学部紀要、自然科学・教育科学,44,17-23,1994
PubMed
c-series
(旧口動物、脱皮) (Protostomia, Ecdysozoa)
線形動物門 Nematoda
クロマドラ綱 Chromadorea
回虫
Ascaris suum /adult
Ascaris suum
h24:0,br-d17:1,br-d17:0,br-t18:0
PubMed
DOI
Ascaris suum (HSO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
Ascaris suum /adult (GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
Ascaris suum (PC-6GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer)
24:0,h24:0,br-d17:1,br-d17:0, br-t18:0
h24:0,br-d17:1,br-d17:0
h22:0,h24:0,br-d17:1,br-d17:0
PubMed
PubMed
DOI
Arthro
節足動物門 Arthropoda
昆虫綱 Insecta
ハエ
Lucilia caesar /larvae
16:0,18:0,20:0,22:0, d14:1,d16:1
PubMed
Lucilia caesar /larvae (GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
16:0,18:0,20:0,22:0, d14:1,d16:1
PubMed
Arthro
甲殻亜門 軟甲綱 Crustacea Malacostraca
エビ、カニ
Penaeus duorarum /ventral nerve
undescribed
PubMed
Euphausia superba (GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer )
Euphausia superba (MAEPn-6Glcβ1-Cer)
22:1,24:1,d14:1
22:1,h22:1,h24:1,d14:1, br-d18:3,d18:3
DOI
PubMed
Arthro
甲殻亜門 鰓脚綱 Crustacea Branchiopoda
カブトエビ、ミジンコ
Artemia franciscana
18:0,22:0,h18:0,d16:1, d17:1
PubMed
Artemia franciscana (GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
22:0,d16:1,d17:1
PubMed
Arthro
多足亜門 ヤスデ綱 Myriapoda Diplopoda
ヤスデ
Parafontaria laminata
h(2- or 3-hydroxy)23:0, h(2- or 3-hydroxy)24:0, d17:1,br-d18:1,d18:1
PubMed
Parafontaria laminata (GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer)
22:0,23:0,24:0,d17:1, br-d18:1
PubMed
Arthro
(新口動物) (Deuterostomia)
棘皮動物門 Echinodermata
ウミユリ綱 Crinoidea
ウミユリ
Comanthus japonica
24:0,h18:0 h22:1,h24:0, d16:1,d18:2,t16:0
PubMed
ヒトデ綱 Asteroidea
ヒトデ
Culcita novaeguineae
h22:0,br-t16:0
PubMed
Asterias rubens
FA undescribed, d18:2,d22:1,d22:2
PubMed
Luidia maculata (Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer)
Luidia maculata ((3-sulfo)Galβ1-4Galβ1 -4Glcβa1-Cer)
Luidia maculata (GM3)
Luidia maculata (GD3)
h16:0,h22:0,h24:0,<brbr-d19:1,t16:0,<brbr-t17:0,t22:1
h22:0,br-t19:0
h22:0,t19:0
h22:0,t17:0
DOI
DOI
DOI
PubMed
a-series, b-series
クモヒトデ綱 Ophiuroidea
クモヒトデ
Ophiocoma scolopendrina (NeuGcα2-6Glcβ1-Cer, GM5, HSO3-8NeuAcα2 -6Glcβ1-Cer)
18:0,t18:0,br-t18:0, h22:0,t18:0,br-t18:0
PubMed
Echino
ウニ綱 Echinoidea
ウニ
Anthocidaris crassispina /egg
22:1,24:1,h22:1,h24:1, t18:0
PubMed
Anthocidaris crassispina /egg (Galα1-6Glcβ1Cer)
Anthocidaris crassispina /egg (NeuGcα2-6Glcβ1-Cer, GM5, HSO3-8NeuGcα2 -6Glcβ1-Cer)
22:1,24:1,h22:1,h24:1, t18:0,h22:1,h23:1, h24:1,t18:0
PubMed
PubMed
Echino
ナマコ綱 Holothuroidea
ナマコ
Bohadschia argus
h24:1,d17:1,br-d17:1
PubMed
Cucumaria echinata
h22:0,h23:0,h24:0, br-d17:1
DOI
Holothuria leucospilota (NeuGcα2-6Glcβ1-Cer, GM5)
h22:0,h23:0,h24:0,h24:1, br-t17:0,br-t18:0,br-t19:0
DOI
Echino
脊索動物門 Chordata
ホヤ綱 Ascidiacea
ホヤ
Aplidium nordmani, Styela partita, Botrillus leachii
h24:0,t18:0,br-t19:0
DOI
Microcosmus sulcatus (Galβ1-4(Fucα1 -3)Glcβ1-Cer)
h22:0,h23:0,t19:0
DOI
軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes
エイ
Carcharhinus plumbeus /brain (Gal-Cer, SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
non-hydorxy FA,LCB undescribed
PubMed
Squalus acanthias /rectal gland
FA,LCB undescribed
PubMed
Bathyraja smirnovi (GM2,GD2)
FA,LCB undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series
条鰭綱 Actinopterygii
硬骨魚
Cyprinus carpio /brain (Gal-Cer, SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
24:1,h24:0,LCB undescribed
PubMed
Theragra chalcogramm /brain
24:1,LCB undescribed
PubMed
Latimeria chalumnae (GM3,GD3)
Theragra chalcogramma (9-O-Ac-GT3)
16:0,18:0,24:1,d18:1
undescribed
DOI
PubMed
a-series, b-series, c-series
両生綱 Amphibia
カエル
Rana catesbeiana /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
18:0,24:1,h24:1,d18:0, d18:1
PubMed
Bufo japonicus /skin
22:0,24:0,h22:0,h24:0, t18:0
PubMed
Rana pipiens (GD1b,GT1b)
undescribed
DOI
b-series
爬虫綱 Reptilias
ワニ
Iguana spp. /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
nonhydroxy FA,hydoroxy FA, LCB undescribed
PubMed
Anolis carolinensis /kidney
h23:0,h24:0,h24:1,d18:1
PubMed
Pseudemys scripta elegans /brain
undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series
鳥綱 Aves
トリ
Gallus gallus domesticus /sciatic nerve (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
22:0,24:0,h22:0,h24:0, LCB undescribed
PubMed
Gallus gallus /domesticus lens
undescribed
PubMed
Anser anser /brain (GM1,GD1a,GD1b, GT1b,GQ1b)
undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series
哺乳綱 Mammalia
無盲腸目 Eulipotyphla
モグラ
Suncus murinus /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
24:0,h24:0,d18:1
PubMed
Suncus murinus /brain
24:0,h24:0,d18:1
PubMed
Suncus murinus /brain (GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1 -4Glcβ1-Cer, GM1,GD1a,GD1b,GT1b)
h24:0,d18:1
PubMed
Ganglio, a-series, b-series
食肉目 Carnivora
ネコ、イヌ
Felis silvestris catus /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
undescribed
PubMed
Canis lupus familiaris /intestine
20:0,22:0,24:0,hFA, LCB undescribed
PubMed
Felis silvestris catus /brain (GM1,GD1a,GD1b, GT1b,GQ1b)
undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series
奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
ウマ
Equus caballus /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
22:0,24:0,24:1,h22:0, h24:0,h24:1,d18:1
PubMed
Equus caballus /spleen
16:0,22:0,24:0 undescribed
PubMed
Equus caballus /brain (GM4,GM3,GM2,GM1, GD1a,GD1b,GT1b)
18:0,20:0,24:0,h24:0, h24:1,d18:1,d20:1
PubMed
a-series, b-series
鯨偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla
ウシ、ブタ
Bos taurus /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
18:0,24:0,24:1,h18:0, h24:0,h24:1,d18:1
PubMed
Bos taurus /spleen
22:0,23:0,24:0
PubMed
Bos taurus /brain (GM2,GM1,GD3,GD1a, GD1b)
undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series
兎目 Lagomorpha
ウサギ
Oryctolagus cuniculus /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
undescribed
PubMed
Oryctolagus cuniculus /skin fibroblasts
FA,LCB undescribed
PubMed
Oryctolagus cuniculus /brain (GM1,GD1a,GD1b,GT1)
undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series
齧歯目 Rodentia
ラット、マウス
Rattus norvegicus /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
undescribed
PubMed
Mus musculus /erythrocytes
16:0,18:0,22:0,24:1, d18:1
PubMed
Rattus norvegicus /brain (GM1,GD1a,GD1b,GT)
undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series
霊長目 Primates
ヒト
Homo sapiens /brain (Gal-Cer,SO3-3Galβ1-Cer)
18:0,24:1,24:0,25:1, 25:0,26:1,h16:0,h18:0, h22:0,h23:0,h24:1,h24:0
PubMed
Homo sapiens /spleen of Gaucher's disease
Homo sapiens /blood
22:0,d18:1
undescribed
PubMed
PubMed
Homo sapiens /brain (GM1,GD1a,GD1b,GT1b)
undescribed
PubMed
a-series, b-series