Category:LBSG: Difference between revisions
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Sialic acid is a collective noun and comprises a family of derivatives of neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid)<ref>Roland Schauer "Sialic Acids - Chemistry, Metabolism and Function" Springer-Verlag, 1982.</ref>. Originally Gunnar Blix found a novel acidic aminosugars from salivary gland mucin in 1936 and later named it sialic acid (1938)<ref>A Lundblad "Gunnar Blix and his discovery of sialic acids. Fascinating molecules in glycobiology" Ups J Med Sci. 120(2):104–112, 2015</ref>. (Dried salivary mucin contains 2% sialic acid.) | Sialic acid is a collective noun and comprises a family of derivatives of neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid)<ref>Roland Schauer "Sialic Acids - Chemistry, Metabolism and Function" Springer-Verlag, 1982.</ref>. Originally Gunnar Blix found a novel acidic aminosugars from salivary gland mucin in 1936 and later named it sialic acid (1938)<ref>A Lundblad "Gunnar Blix and his discovery of sialic acids. Fascinating molecules in glycobiology" Ups J Med Sci. 120(2):104–112, 2015</ref>. (Dried salivary mucin contains 2% sialic acid.) | ||
On the other hand, Ernst Klenk identified "Substanz X" from the brain (neuro) of Tay-Sach's disease patient (1935) and later identified a polyhydroxyamino carboxylic acid, and called it neuraminic acid (1941). Both substances are then found identical, and the correct structure was postulated by Alfred Gottshalk in 1945. Almost at the same time, Tamio Yamakawa and Suzuki identified a novel ganglioside from horse erythrocyte stroma and named it hematoside (1951), now called GM3. | On the other hand, Ernst Klenk identified "Substanz X" from the brain (neuro) of Tay-Sach's disease patient (1935) and later identified a polyhydroxyamino carboxylic acid, and called it neuraminic acid (1941). Both substances are then found identical, and the correct structure was postulated by Alfred Gottshalk in 1945. Almost at the same time, Tamio Yamakawa and Sakaru Suzuki identified a novel ganglioside from horse erythrocyte stroma and named it hematoside (1951), now called GM3. | ||
Nowadays, there are over 30 derivatives of neuraminic acid, including N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc), N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (NeuGc), deamino neuraminic acid (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid), all collectively called sialic acids. | Nowadays, there are over 30 derivatives of neuraminic acid, including N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc), N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (NeuGc), deamino neuraminic acid (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid), all collectively called sialic acids. | ||
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シアル酸は、ノイラミン酸（5-アミノ-3,5-ジデオキシ-D-グリセロ-D-ガラクト-ノヌロン酸）に由来する物質の総称である。もともとはGunnar Blixが1936年に唾液(sialo)のムチンから新規の酸性アミノ糖を見つけ、後にこれをシアル酸と名づけた(1938)。一方、Ernst Klenkはテイサックス病患者の脳から「物質X」を見つけ (1935)、後に加水分解によって水酸化アミノカルボン酸であるノイラミン酸を抽出した。両者は同一物質であることがわかり、Alfred | シアル酸は、ノイラミン酸（5-アミノ-3,5-ジデオキシ-D-グリセロ-D-ガラクト-ノヌロン酸）に由来する物質の総称である。もともとはGunnar Blixが1936年に唾液(sialo)のムチンから新規の酸性アミノ糖を見つけ、後にこれをシアル酸と名づけた(1938)。一方、Ernst Klenkはテイサックス病患者の脳から「物質X」を見つけ (1935)、後に加水分解によって水酸化アミノカルボン酸であるノイラミン酸を抽出した。両者は同一物質であることがわかり、Alfred Gottshalkが1945年に正しい構造を提出した。Klenkとほぼ同時代に山川民夫と鈴木旺は馬の赤血球からヘキソースアミンを含まないガングリオシドを抽出し、1951年ヘマトシドと名付けた（現在のGM3）<ref>JN Kanfer and S Hakomori "Sphingolipid biochemistry" Chapter 1, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012</ref>。 | ||
現在、ノイラミン酸にはN-アセチルノイラミン酸 (NeuAc)、N-グリコリルノイラミン酸 (NeuGc)、 デアミノノイラミン酸 (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid) を含む 30 種以上の誘導体が知られ、全てシアル酸と呼ばれる。 | 現在、ノイラミン酸にはN-アセチルノイラミン酸 (NeuAc)、N-グリコリルノイラミン酸 (NeuGc)、 デアミノノイラミン酸 (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid) を含む 30 種以上の誘導体が知られ、全てシアル酸と呼ばれる。 | ||
Revision as of 16:43, 23 November 2015
Sialic acid
Sialic acid is a collective noun and comprises a family of derivatives of neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid)[1]. Originally Gunnar Blix found a novel acidic aminosugars from salivary gland mucin in 1936 and later named it sialic acid (1938)[2]. (Dried salivary mucin contains 2% sialic acid.) On the other hand, Ernst Klenk identified "Substanz X" from the brain (neuro) of Tay-Sach's disease patient (1935) and later identified a polyhydroxyamino carboxylic acid, and called it neuraminic acid (1941). Both substances are then found identical, and the correct structure was postulated by Alfred Gottshalk in 1945. Almost at the same time, Tamio Yamakawa and Sakaru Suzuki identified a novel ganglioside from horse erythrocyte stroma and named it hematoside (1951), now called GM3. Nowadays, there are over 30 derivatives of neuraminic acid, including N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuAc), N-glycolyl neuraminic acid (NeuGc), deamino neuraminic acid (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid), all collectively called sialic acids. |
シアル酸は、ノイラミン酸（5-アミノ-3,5-ジデオキシ-D-グリセロ-D-ガラクト-ノヌロン酸）に由来する物質の総称である。もともとはGunnar Blixが1936年に唾液(sialo)のムチンから新規の酸性アミノ糖を見つけ、後にこれをシアル酸と名づけた(1938)。一方、Ernst Klenkはテイサックス病患者の脳から「物質X」を見つけ (1935)、後に加水分解によって水酸化アミノカルボン酸であるノイラミン酸を抽出した。両者は同一物質であることがわかり、Alfred Gottshalkが1945年に正しい構造を提出した。Klenkとほぼ同時代に山川民夫と鈴木旺は馬の赤血球からヘキソースアミンを含まないガングリオシドを抽出し、1951年ヘマトシドと名付けた（現在のGM3）[3]。 現在、ノイラミン酸にはN-アセチルノイラミン酸 (NeuAc)、N-グリコリルノイラミン酸 (NeuGc)、 デアミノノイラミン酸 (KDN: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid) を含む 30 種以上の誘導体が知られ、全てシアル酸と呼ばれる。 |
- ↑ Roland Schauer "Sialic Acids - Chemistry, Metabolism and Function" Springer-Verlag, 1982.
- ↑ A Lundblad "Gunnar Blix and his discovery of sialic acids. Fascinating molecules in glycobiology" Ups J Med Sci. 120(2):104–112, 2015
- ↑ JN Kanfer and S Hakomori "Sphingolipid biochemistry" Chapter 1, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012
Ganglioside
Ganglioside is a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acid. Major structures include ganglio, lacto, and neolacto series. |
酸性糖であるシアル酸を含む糖脂質をガングリオシドと呼ぶ。主要系列にガングリオ、ラクト、ネオラクト等を含む。 |
Sulfatide
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硫酸化糖脂質の中でもガラクトースの3位の水酸基に硫酸を導入したものをスルファチドと呼ぶ。これはガラクトシルセラミドと並んでミエリンの主要糖脂質である。 |
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