Category:LBS: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 06:42, 28 May 2024

Sphingolipid

Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database.

このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。

		\|	OH
(C₁₄-chain)	＝	／	＼	／	ー	OH
(fatty acid) ー			\|	NH

セラミド

Glycosphingolipid

		\|	OH
(C₁₄-chain)	＝	／	＼	／	ー	O-(sugar)
(fatty acid) ー			\|	NH

スフィンゴ糖脂質

Phosphosphingolipid

		\|	OH
(C₁₄-chain)	＝	／	＼	／	ー	O-(phosphate)
(fatty acid) ー			\|	NH

スフィンゴリン脂質

Long-chain base and ceramide

Sphingomyelin, CPE, CAEP and GIPC

Go to Sphingolipid search.

スフィンゴ脂質 Sphingolipid

Notation

Symbol Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose)
Backbones
Cer	ceramide	セラミド
Sph	sphingosine	スフィンゴシン
Sugars
Glc	glucose	グルコース
Gal	galactose	ガラクトース
GlcNAc	N-acetyl-glucosamine	N-アセチルグルコサミン
GalNAc	N-acetyl-galactosamine	N-アセチルガラクトサミン
GlcN	glucosamine	グルコサミン
GalN	galactosamine	ガラクトサミン
GlcA	glucuronic acid	グルクロン酸
GalA	galacturonic acid	ガラクツロン酸
Man	mannose	マンノース
Rha	rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose)	ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース)
Ins	inositol	イノシトール
Fuc	fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose)	フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース)
Ara	arabinose	アラビノース
Xyl	xylose	キシロース
NeuNH	(deacetyl) neuraminic acid (pyruvate + mannosamine)	ノイラミン酸 (ピルビン酸＋マンノサミン)
NeuAc	N-acetyl-neuraminic acid	N-アセチルノイラミン酸
NeuGc	N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid	N-グリコリルノイラミン酸
Kdn	2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero- D-galacto-nononic acid	デアミノノイラミン酸
Modifiers
AEPn	aminoethylphosphonic acid, or (2-aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphoryl-	アミノエチルホスホン酸（C-P結合）
MAEPn	N-methyl aminoethylphosphonic acid, or (N-methyl-2-aminoethyl) hydroxyphosphoryl-	AEPnのN-メチル体（C-P結合）
EtnP	phosphoethanolamine (PEA), or 2-aminoethanolphospho-	ホスホエタノールアミン
PC	Phosphocholine	ホスホコリン
Butenyl	Butenyl	ブテニル基
Me	Methyl	メチル基
Et	Ethyl	エチル基

分類体系 ID-Code Design

Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by oligosaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added.

スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。

L

B

S

G/P

s1

s2

n1

n2

y

c1

c2

G/P	G (glyco)	P (phospho)
s1, s2	structure code as explained below
n1, n2	number of sugars (2 digits)
y	number of sialic acids (1 digit)
c1, c2	serial numbers

スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid

First sugar

Code

Root sequence

Major Series

Cerebroside

For GalCer and GlcCer, visit this page.

starting with
Galactose

()

Gal-Cer

	Gal_α1-4/6Gal_β1-Cer
	Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-3Gal_β1-Cer

starting with
Glucose

()

GalNAc_β-Gal_β-Glc_β-Cer

	GalNAc_β1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
^[1]	GalNAc_β1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
	GlcNAc_β1-3(GalNAc_β1-4)Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
	GalNAc_β1-4(NeuAc_α2-3)Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
	GalNAc_β1-4(NeuAc_α2-8NeuAc_α2-3)Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
	GalNAc_β1-4(NeuAc_α2-8NeuAc_α2-8NeuAc_α2-3)Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
	...(NeuAc_α2-6)GalNAc_β1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
	...(NeuAc_α2-8NeuAc_α2-6)GalNAc_β1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer

()

GlcNAc_β-Gal_β-Glc_β-Cer

	Gal_β1-3GlcNAc_β1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
^[2]	Gal_β1-4GlcNAc_β1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer

()

Gal_α-Gal_β-Glc_β-Cer

	Gal_α1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
^[1]	Gal_α1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer

()

Gal-Glc-Cer
(Other than G2∼G4)

Gal_β1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer

()

Man-Glc_β-Cer

	GlcNAc_β1-3Man_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
	Man_α1-3Man_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer

()

NeuAc/NeuGc-Glc_β-Cer

NeuGc or NeuAc_α2-6Glc_β1-Cer

()

GalNAc-Glc-Cer

^[3]	GalNAc_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer

starting with
Other Sugars

Symbols follow the Category:LBS#Sugar-Digit Table.

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.
↑ In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.
↑ Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932

スフィンゴリン脂質 Phosphosphingolipid

First sugar

Code

Root sequence

Major Series

No Sugar Attached

P1 (LBSP)

R-P-Cer

Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine
(Visit this page.)

starting with
Inositol

(29 items)

GlcN_α/β1−2/6Ins₁-P-Cer

GlcN_α/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(10 items)

GlcA_α/β1−2/6Ins₁-P-Cer

GlcA_α/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(52 items)

Man_α/β1−2/6Ins₁-P-Cer

Man_α/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(21 items)

Gal, Glc, and Others

X-Ins1-P-Cer

Sugar-Digit Table

Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see #Notation.

Code	Structure
A	Glc
B	Gal
C	GlcNAc
D	GalNAc
E	GlcN
F	GalN
G	GlcA
H	GalA
I	not used

Code	Structure
J
K
L
M	Fucose ( , , )
N
O
P
Q
R

Code	Structure
S
T	, ,
U
V	acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain

Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). (more details)

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含みます。（詳細はこちら）

History of Sphingolipids

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.^[1] The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.^[2]

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。

↑ Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884
↑ Gault CR,?Obeid LM,?Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol.?2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643

Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

L

[iso-1] 1.0 ^1.1 In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.

[neo-2] In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.

[3] Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932

[4] Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884

[5] Gault CR,?Obeid LM,?Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol.?2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 [[:Category:LBSB| '''Ceramide''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|OH}}<br/><small>セラミド</small>
 | style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
-'''Glycosphingolipid'''<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(sugar)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴ糖脂質</small>
+[[:Category:LBS#スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid|'''Glycosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(sugar)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴ糖脂質</small>
 | style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
 [[:Category:LBSP| '''Phosphosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(phosphate)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴリン脂質</small>
@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
-=={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質|Sphingolipid}}==
+==スフィンゴ脂質 Sphingolipid==
 ==={{Bilingual|表記法|Notation}}===
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 |}
-==={{Bilingual|分類体系|Page/ID-Code Design}}===
+===分類体系 ID-Code Design===
 {{Twocolumn|
 Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by oligosaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added.
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 |}
-==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ糖脂質１文字目|First (s1) Digit for Glycosphingolipid}}===
+===スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid===
 <span id="SphingolipidClass"></span>
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white"
@@ Line 243: / Line 243: @@
 ! starting with<br/><big>Other Sugars</big>
 | {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G</b>(<b>A</b>&sim;<b>R</b>)|LBSG(A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~J~K~M~N~O~P~Q~R)}}
-|colspan="2"| Symbols follow the Sugar-digit table.
+|colspan="2"| Symbols follow the [[:Category:LBS#Sugar-Digit Table]].
 |}
 <references/>
-==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴリン脂質１文字目|First (s1) Digit for Phosphosphingolipid}}===
+===スフィンゴリン脂質 Phosphosphingolipid===
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white"
 ! First sugar || Code || Root sequence
@@ Line 287: / Line 287: @@
 |}
-==={{Bilingual|コード２文字目|Second (s2) Digit}}===
+===Sugar-Digit Table===
 <span id="SphingolipidSugar"></span>
 {{Bilingual|クリックすると一覧が出ます。記号の略称については|Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see}} [[#Notation]].
@@ Line 383: / Line 383: @@
-==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質の歴史|History of Sphingolipids}}===
+=={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質の歴史|History of Sphingolipids}}==
 {{Twocolumn|
 Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.<ref>Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884</ref> The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.