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{{Huge|Sphingolipid (スフィンゴ脂質)}}
{{Huge|{{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質|Sphingolipid}}}}
{{LB/Header}}
{{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
{{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
{| style="float:left"
| __TOC__
|}
=={{Bilingual|概要|Class Overview}}==


==Class Overview==
{{Twocolumn|
Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database.
|このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。
}}


{{Twocolumn|
<center>
Complex lipid is the main structural component of biological membrane, is a form of lipid bilayer, and broadly classified into Glycerolipid and Sphingolipid. The Sphingolipid category （LBS） includes Sphingoglycolipid and Sphingophospholipid, and Ceramide.
{|
Ceramides are amides of fatty acids with sphingoid bases.
|-
| style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
[[:Category:LBSB| '''Ceramide''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|OH}}<br/><small>セラミド</small>
| style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
[[:Category:LBS#スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid|'''Glycosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(sugar)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴ糖脂質</small>
| style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
[[:Category:LBSP| '''Phosphosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(phosphate)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴリン脂質</small>
|-
|
*[[:Category:LBSB|Long-chain base and ceramide]]
|
*[[:Category:LBSC|Cerebroside <small>(monohexosyl ceramides)</small>]]
*[[:Category:LBSG|Acidic glycosphingolipid]]
|
|
リン酸や糖などを含む脂質は複合脂質と呼ばれ、細胞膜の脂質二重層の主要な構成要素です。
*[[:Category:LBSP|Sphingomyelin, CPE, CAEP and GIPC]]
複合脂質は、一般的にグリセロールを含む脂質（グリセロ脂質）とスフィンゴイドを含む脂質（スフィンゴ脂質）に大別されます。
|}
<br>スフィンゴ脂質カテゴリー（LBG）には、スフィンゴ糖脂質 (Sphingoglycolipid)、スフィンゴリン脂質 (Sphingophospholipid) 、セラミド（Ceramide）などの分子が含まれています。セラミドはスフィンゴシンと脂肪酸がアミド結合した化合物です。
</center>
 
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|<big>
[[:Category:LBS/Search|{{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質検索画面にいく|Go to Sphingolipid search.}}]]
</big>
|}
</center>




}}
==スフィンゴ脂質 Sphingolipid==


===Common Abbreviations <small>よく使う略称</small>===
==={{Bilingual|表記法|Notation}}===
{|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:80%"
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Symbol Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose)
|-
|-
| PC || PhosphatidylCholine || ホスファチジルコリン
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Backbones
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
Cer && ceramide && セラミド &&
Sph && sphingosine && スフィンゴシン &&
}}
|-
|-
| PS || Phosphatidylserine || ホスファチジルセリン
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Sugars
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
Glc && glucose && グルコース && C6H12O6 &&
Gal && galactose && ガラクトース && C6H12O6 &&
GlcNAc && ''N''-acetyl-glucosamine && ''N''-アセチルグルコサミン && C8H15NO6
GalNAc && ''N''-acetyl-galactosamine && ''N''-アセチルガラクトサミン && C8H15NO6
GlcN && glucosamine && グルコサミン && C6H13NO5
GalN && galactosamine && ガラクトサミン && C6H13NO5
GlcA && glucuronic acid && グルクロン酸 && C6H10O7
GalA && galacturonic acid && ガラクツロン酸 && C6H10O7 &&
Man && mannose && マンノース && C6H12O6 && 18950
Rha && rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) && ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース) && C6H12O5 && 19233
Ins && inositol && イノシトール && C6H12O6 && 892
Fuc && fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) && フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース) && C6H12O5 && 17106
Ara && arabinose && アラビノース && C5H10O5 && 5460291
Xyl && xylose && キシロース && C5H10O5 && 135191
NeuNH && (deacetyl) neuraminic acid<br/>(pyruvate + mannosamine) && ノイラミン酸<br/>(ピルビン酸＋マンノサミン) && C9H17N1O8 && 513472
NeuAc && ''N''-acetyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-アセチルノイラミン酸 && C11H19NO9 && 439197
NeuGc && ''N''-glycolyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-グリコリルノイラミン酸 && C11H19NO10 && 123802
Kdn && 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-<br/>D-galacto-nononic acid && デアミノノイラミン酸 && C9H16O9 && 13991616
}}
|-
|-
| PI || Phosphatidylinositol || ホスファチジルイノシトール
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Modifiers
|-
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
| PE || Phosphatidylethanolamine || ホスファチジルエタノールアミン
AEPn && aminoethylphosphonic acid, or<br/>(2-aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphoryl- && アミノエチルホスホン酸（C-P結合）
MAEPn && ''N''-methyl aminoethylphosphonic acid, or<br/>(''N''-methyl-2-aminoethyl) hydroxyphosphoryl- && AEPnの''N''-メチル体（C-P結合）
EtnP && phosphoethanolamine (PEA), or<br/>2-aminoethanolphospho- && ホスホエタノールアミン
PC && Phosphocholine && ホスホコリン
Butenyl && Butenyl && ブテニル基
Me && Methyl && メチル基
Et && Ethyl && エチル基
}}
|}
|}


===分類体系 ID-Code Design===
{{Twocolumn|
Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by oligosaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added.
|スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。
}}


==Design of Glycerolipid identifiers <small>ID番号の設計</small>==
{|
<center>
|
26-DIGIT(6+9+9+2)
<table border=1>
<table border=1>
<tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>L</big>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=20px align="center"><big>L</big>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>B</big>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=20px align="center"><big>B</big>
<td style="background-color:darkseagreen;" width=15px align="center"><big>G</big>
<td style="background-color:yellowgreen;" width=20px align="center"><big>S</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''p''</big>
<td style="background-color:green;" width=20px align="center"><big>''G/P''</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''p''</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=20px align="center"><big>''s1''</big>
<td style="background-color:aqua" width=15px align="center"><big>''b1''</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=20px align="center"><big>''s2''</big>
<td style="background-color:aqua" width=15px align="center"><big>''b2''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=20px align="center"><big>''n1''</big>
<td style="background-color:gray;" width=15px align="center"><big>'':''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=20px align="center"><big>''n2''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x1''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=20px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x1''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=20px align="center"><big>''c1''</big>
<td style="background-color:purple; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y1''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=20px align="center"><big>''c2''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z1''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z1''</big>
<td style="background-color:green; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''w1''</big>
<td style="background-color:green; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''w1''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c1''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c1''</big>
<td style="background-color:gray;" width=15px align="center"><big>'':''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x2''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''x2''</big>
<td style="background-color:purple; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y2''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z2''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''z2''</big>
<td style="background-color:green; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''w2''</big>
<td style="background-color:green; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''w2''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c2''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c2''</big>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>
</center>
| &nbsp;
{{Twocolumn|
|
* ''p'' ... number of attached sugars(Glyceroglycolipid) or code of pola head group(Glycerophospholipid)
{| class="wikitable"
* ''b1'' ... type of binding to Fatty acyl-1(LBF1)
! '''G/P''' || '''G''' (glyco) || '''P''' (phospho)  
* ''b2'' ... type of binding to Fatty acyl-2(LBF2)
|-
! '''s1, s2'''
|colspan="3"| structure code as explained below
|-
! '''n1, n2'''
|colspan="2"| number of sugars (2 digits)
|-
! '''y'''
|colspan="2"| number of sialic acids (1 digit)
|-
! '''c1, c2'''
|colspan="2"| serial numbers
|}
|}


* ''x1'' ... carbon chain length(LBF1)
===スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid===
* ''y1'' ... degree of unsaturation(LBF1)
<span id="SphingolipidClass"></span>
* ''z1'' ... position of n－''z'' (n minus z; also ω－z or omega-z) nomenclature(LBF1)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white"
* ''w1'' ... structure type(LBF1)
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence
* ''c1'' ... serial number(LBF1)
! colspan=2 | Major Series
|-
! Cerebroside
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left" | '''For GalCer and GlcCer, visit [[:Category:LBSC|this page]].'''
|-
! starting with<br/><big>Galactose</big>
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G1</b>|LBSG1}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG1}} items|LBSG1.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''Gal'''-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%;"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Gala / Neogala|Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4/6Galb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"|{{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Spirometo|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
! rowspan="8" | starting with<br/><big>Glucose</big>
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G2</b>|LBSG2}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG2}} items|LBSG2.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''GalNAc<sub>&beta;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%"
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Ganglio|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Isoganglio|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}<ref name="iso">In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.</ref>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Lactoganglio|Structure.*GlcNAcb1-3\(.*GalNAcb1-4\)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3(GalNAcb1-4)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|a-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|b-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|c-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|&alpha;-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|...(NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|&beta;-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|...(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G3</b>|LBSG3}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG3}} items|LBSG3.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''GlcNAc<sub>&beta;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%"
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Lacto|Mainchain.*Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Neolacto|Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}<ref name="neo">In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.</ref>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G4</b>|LBSG4}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG4}} items|LBSG4.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''Gal<sub>&alpha;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%"
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Globo|Mainchain.*Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Isoglobo|Mainchain.*Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}<ref name="iso"/>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G5</b>|LBSG5}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG5}} items|LBSG5.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| Gal-Glc-Cer<br/>(Other than G2&sim;G4)
|
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Muco|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G6</b>|LBSG6}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG6}} items|LBSG6.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''Man'''-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Arthro|Mainchain.*GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mollu|Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G7</b>|LBSG7}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG7}} items|LBSG7.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''NeuAc'''/'''NeuGc'''-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Echino|Mainchain.*Neu(A~G)c.2-6Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| <font color=purple>'''NeuGc'''</font> or {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|NeuAca2-6Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G8</b>|LBSG8}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG8}} items|LBSG8.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''GalNAc'''-Glc-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Schisto|Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer}}<ref>Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932</ref>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|-
! starting with<br/><big>Other Sugars</big>
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G</b>(<b>A</b>&sim;<b>R</b>)|LBSG(A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~J~K~M~N~O~P~Q~R)}}
|colspan="2"| Symbols follow the [[:Category:LBS#Sugar-Digit Table]].
|}
<references/>


* ''x2'' ... carbon chain length(LBF2)
===スフィンゴリン脂質 Phosphosphingolipid===
* ''y2'' ... degree of unsaturation(LBF2)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white"
* ''z2'' ... position of n－''z'' (n minus z; also ω－z or omega-z) nomenclature(LBF2)
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence
* ''w2'' ... structure type(LBF2)
!colspan="2"| Major Series
* ''c2'' ... serial number(LBF2)
|-
! No Sugar Attached
| '''P1''' ([[:Category:LBSP|LBSP]])
| R-P-Cer
| Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine<br/>(Visit [[:Category:LBSP|this page]].)
|-
! rowspan="4" | starting with<br/><big>Inositol</big>
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P2</b>|LBSP2}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP2}} items)
| style="text-align:right"| '''GlcN'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
|
{|style="width:100%"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Protozoa & Fungi-specific|Mainchain.*GlcN.1-.Ins-P-Cer}}
| style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P3</b>|LBSP3}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP3}} items)  
|style="text-align:right"| '''GlcA'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
|
|
* ''p'' ... 修飾する糖の個数 (Glyceroglycolipid)もしくはポーラヘッドグループの記号(Glycerophospholipid)
{|style="width:100%"
* ''b1'' ... 脂肪酸1(LBF1)の結合のタイプ
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Plant-specific|Mainchain.*GlcA.1-.Ins-P-Cer}}
* ''b2'' ... 脂肪酸2(LBF2)の結合のタイプ
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcAa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P4</b>|LBSP4}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP4}} items)
| style="text-align:right"| '''Man'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
|
{| style="width:100%"
| style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Fungi-specific|Mainchain.*Man.1-.Ins-P-Cer}}
| style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Mana/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}
|-
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P5</b>|LBSP5}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP5}} items)
| style="text-align:right"| Gal, Glc, and Others
| style="text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|X-Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}


* ''x1'' ... 炭素鎖長(LBF1)
===Sugar-Digit Table===
* ''y1'' ... 不飽和度(LBF1)
<span id="SphingolipidSugar"></span>
* ''z1'' ... n－''z'' (またはω－zやomega-z)　における数(LBF1)
{{Bilingual|クリックすると一覧が出ます。記号の略称については|Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see}} [[#Notation]].
* ''w1'' ... 骨格のタイプ(LBF1)
* ''c1'' ... 通し番号(LBF1)


* ''x2'' ... 炭素鎖長(LBF2)
{|
* ''y2'' ... 不飽和度(LBF2)
|-
* ''z2'' ... n－''z'' (またはω－zやomega-z)　における数(LBF2)
| valign="top"|
* ''w2'' ... 骨格のタイプ(LBF2)
{| class="wikitable"
* ''c2'' ... 通し番号(LBF2)
|-
! Code || Structure
|-
! '''A'''
| Glc [[File:LBS-Monomer-Glc.png]]
|-
! '''B'''
| Gal [[File:LBS-Monomer-Gal.png]]
|-
! '''C'''
| GlcNAc [[File:LBS-Monomer-GlcNAc.png]]
|-
! '''D'''
| GalNAc [[File:LBS-Monomer-GalNAc.png]]
|-
! '''E'''
| GlcN [[File:LBS-Monomer-GlcN.png]]
|-
! '''F'''
| GalN [[File:LBS-Monomer-GalN.png]]
|-
! '''G'''
| GlcA [[File:LBS-Monomer-GlcA.png]]
|-
! '''H'''
| GalA [[File:LBS-Monomer-GalA.png]]
|-
! '''I'''
| not used
|}
|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code || Structure
|-
! '''J'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mannose|Structure.*Man}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Man.png]]
|-
! '''K'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Rhamnose|Structure.*Rha}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Rha.png]]
|-
! '''L'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Inositol|Structure.*Ins(Me)?-P-[^Cer]}}
|-
! '''M'''
| Fucose ({{#volatile:ListMol/LBS| 1|Structure[^F]+Fuc[^F]+$}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|2|Structure([^F]+Fuc){2}[^F]+$}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|>3|Structure([^F]+Fuc){3} }}) [[File:LBS-Monomer-Fuc.png]]
|-
! '''N'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Arabinose|Structure.*Ara}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Ara.png]]
|-
! '''O'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Xylose|Structure.*Xyl}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Xyl.png]]
|-
! '''P'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|NeuAc / NeuNH|Structure.*(NeuAc~NeuNH)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-NeuAc.png]]
|-
! '''Q'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|NeuGc|Structure.*(NeuGc)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-NeuGc.png]]
|-
! '''R'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Kdn|Structure.*(KDN)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-KDN.png]]
|}
|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code || Structure
|-
! '''S'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Phosphate (except GIPC)|Structure.*(Phospho)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-P.png]]
|-
! '''T'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|(M)AEPn|Structure.*(AEPn)}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|EtnP|Structure.*(EtnP)}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|PC|Structure.*(PC)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-AEPn.png]]
|-
! '''U'''
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Sulfate|Structure.*Sulfo}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-S.png]]
|-
! '''V'''
| acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain [[File:LBS-Monomer-Alkyl.png]]
|}
 
=={{Bilingual|生合成|Biosynthesis}}==
{{Twocolumn|
Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). ([[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|more details]])
|
スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含みます。（[[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|詳細はこちら]]）
}}
}}




==Classification by number of sugars or pola head group<small>糖の個数もしくはポーラヘッドグループによる分類</small>==
=={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質の歴史|History of Sphingolipids}}==
{{Twocolumn|
{{Twocolumn|
There are 2 digit of number of attached sugars (Glyceroglycolipid) or code of pola head group (Glycerophospholipid) .
Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.<ref>Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884</ref> The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.
Phosphatidylinositol is treated as Glycerophospholipid.
Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.<ref>Gault CR,?Obeid LM,?Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol.?2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643</ref>
|
|
Glyceroglycolipidに関しては結合している糖の総数を2桁の数字で、Glycerophospholipidに関してはポーラヘッドグループを2桁の記号で記載してあります。
スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。
なお、Phosphatidylinositolについては、糖脂質ではありますがGlycerophospholipidとしての扱いとなるため、PIの記号が入ってます。
スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。
}}
}}
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
|+ Table 1. Classification by number of sugars or pola head group
|- valign="top"
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG01|01: 糖の数1<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG01.png|100px]]
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG02|02: 糖の数2<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG02.png|120px]]
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG03|03: 糖の数3<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG03.png|120px]]
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG04|04: 糖の数4<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG04.png|120px]]


|- valign="top"
<references/>
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG05|05: 糖の数5<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG05.png|180px]]
 
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG06|06: 糖の数6<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG06.png|180px]]
<!---
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG25|25: 糖の数25<br>}}<br><br>[[Image:LBG25.png|130px]]
{|
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG00|00: 糖の数0, other <br>Glycerolipid<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG00.png|100px]]
|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!width="5%"| code
!colspan="2"| Galactose
|-
| '''0'''
|colspan="2"| no sugar
|-
| '''1'''
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(&alpha; form)
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-3 ...}}
|-
| '''2''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4 ...}}
|-
| '''3''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-6 ...}}
|-
| '''4'''
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(&beta; form)
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-3 ...}}
|-
| '''5''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4 ...}}
|-
| '''6''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-6 ...}}
|}
|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!width="5%"| code
!colspan="2"| ''N''-Acetylated Sugars
|-
|-
| '''7'''
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Galactosamine</b><br/>(&beta; form)
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3 ...}}
|-
| '''8''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4 ...}}
|-
| '''9''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-6 ...}}
|-
| '''A'''
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Glucosamine</b><br/>(&beta; form)
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3 ...}}
|-
| '''B'''
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-4 ...}}
|-
| '''C'''
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-6 ...}}
|}
|}
 


|- valign="top"
{|
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBGPC|PC: <br>Phosphocholine<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBGPC.png|200px]]
|valign="top"|
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBGPS|PS: <br>Phosphatidylserine<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBGPS.png|200px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBGPI|PI: <br>Phosphatidylinositol<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBGPI.png|155px]]
!width="5%"| code
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBGPE|PE: <br>Phosphatidylethanolamine<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBGPE.png|190px]]
!colspan="2"| Galactose & Glucose
|-
| '''D'''
|rowspan="2"| <b>Aminated Sugars</b><br/>(Except for Code 7&sim;C)
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAc, GalN}}
|-
| '''E''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAc, GlcN}}
|-
| '''F'''
| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(Except Code 1&sim;6)
| <span style="color:gold"><b>Gal</b></span>
|-
| '''G'''
| <b>Glucose</b>
| <span style="color:blue"><b>Glc</b></span>
|}
|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!width="5%"| code
! Other Sugars
|-
| '''J''' || Inositol (<span style="color:"><b>Ins</b></span>)
|-
| '''K''' || Fucose (<span style="color:red"><b>Fuc</b></span>)
|-
| '''L''' || Pentose sugars<br/>(<span style="color:DarkOrange"><b>Ara, Xyl</b></span>)
|-
| '''M''' || Mannose and Rhamnose (= 6-deoxymannose)<br/>(<span style="color:green"><b>Man, Rha</b></span>)
|-
| '''N''' || Sialic acids<br/>(<b><span style="color:Purple">NeuAc, NeuNH</span>, <span style="color:gray">NeuGc</span>, <span style="color:Green">Kdn</span></b>)
|}
|}


|- valign="top"
{|
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBGPx|Px: other <br>Glycerophospholipid<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBGPx.png|110px]]
|valign="top"|
|align="center"|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|align="center"|
!width="5%"| code
|align="center"|
!colspan="2"| Modifiers
|-
| '''P''' || Phosphate (<b>HPO4</b>), Sulphate (<b>HSO4</b>),<br/>and Phosphocholine (<b>PC</b>)
|-
| '''Q''' || Aminoethylphosphates<br/><b>AEPn, MAEPn, MAEPr, EtnP</b>
|-
| '''R''' || Alkyl and acyl groups<br/><b>OAc, Methyl, Butenyl</b>
|}
|valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!width="5%"| code
!colspan="2"| Abbreviations
|-
| '''Y''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-1Cer}}
|-
| '''Z''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-1bCer}}
|}
|}
|}
</center>




==Classification by type of binding to Fatty acyl-1 <small>脂肪酸1の結合のタイプによる分類</small>==
{{Twocolumn|


|
==={{Bilingual|よく知られたパターン|Common Patterns}}===


{| class="wikitable"
! Common Name || Records || Sequence
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#efefef; text-align:center"| By GalCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.62)
{{#repeat:LBS/AbbrevTable/Row|1|
Gala_(Ga) Gala1-4/6Galb1-Cer LBSF%5b23%5d.
Spirometo_(Sp) Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer LBSFG5
}}
}}
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#efefef; text-align:center"| By GlcCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.80)
{{#repeat:LBS/AbbrevTable/Row|1|
Ganglio_(Gg) GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSZ8.
Isoganglio_(iGg) GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSZ7.
Globo_(Gb) Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSZ2.
Isoglobo_(iGb) Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSZ1.
Lacto_(Lc) Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSZD4
NeoLacto_(nLc) Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSZA5
Muco_(Mc) Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSZ5.
}}
|-
|colspan="3" style="background:#efefef; text-align:center"| With Mannose
{{#repeat:LBS/AbbrevTable/Row|1|
Arthro_(At) GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSY
Mollu_(Mu) Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer LBSGMM
}}
|}
==={{Bilingual|分類|Classification}}===
===={{Bilingual|糖の個数|By the Number of Sugars}}====


<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
|+ Table 2. Classification by type of binding to Fatty acyl-1
|+ Table 1. Classification by the Number of Sugars
! # of sugars || {{Bilingual|脊椎動物 (V)|'''V'''ertebrate}} ({{#expr:{{#countTitle:LBS.....V}}+{{#countTitle:LBS.....N}}}} items) || {{Bilingual|無脊椎動物 (I)|'''I'''nvertebrate}} ({{#expr:{{#countTitle:LBS.....I}}+{{#countTitle:LBS.....N}}}} items)
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG..C|C: Acyl <br>group<br>}}<br><br>[[Image:LBG--C.png|110px]]
| 1 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...01V|LBS...01V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...01I|LBS...01I}}
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG..K|K: Alkyl <br>group<br>}}<br><br>[[Image:LBG--K.png|110px]]
|-
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG..N|N: Alkenyl <br>group<br>}}<br><br>[[Image:LBG--N.png|110px]]
| 2 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...02V|LBS...02V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...02I|LBS...02I}}
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG..G|G: Glycosyl <br>group<br>}}<br><br>[[Image:LBG--G.png|100px]]
|-
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG..P|P: Phosphoryl <br>group<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG--P.png|140px]]
| 3 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...03V|LBS...03V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...03I|LBS...03I}}
|-
| 4 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...04V|LBS...04V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...04I|LBS...04I}}
|-
| 5 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...05V|LBS...05V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...05I|LBS...05I}}
|-
| 6 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...06V|LBS...06V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...06I|LBS...06I}}
|-
| 7 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...07V|LBS...07V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...07I|LBS...07I}}
|-
| 8 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...08V|LBS...08V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...08I|LBS...08I}}
|-
| 9 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...09V|LBS...09V}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...09I|LBS...09I}}
|-
| 10-19 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...1.V|LBS...1.<VN>}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...1.I|LBS...1.<IN>}}
|-
| 20-29 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...2.V|LBS...2.<VN>}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS...2.I|LBS...2.<IN>}}
|}
|}
</center>


==Classification by type of binding to Fatty acyl-2 <small>脂肪酸2の結合のタイプによる分類</small>==
===={{Bilingual|シアル酸の個数|By the Number of Sialic acids}}====
{{Twocolumn|


|
}}
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" margin: 1em 1em 1em 1em"
|+ Table 3. Classification by type of binding to Fatty acyl-2
|+ Table 2. Classification by the Number of Sialic acids
! # of sialic acids || {{Bilingual|脊椎動物 (V)|'''V'''ertebrate}} ({{#expr:{{#countTitle:LBS.....V}}+{{#countTitle:LBS.....N}}}} items) || {{Bilingual|無脊椎動物 (I)|'''I'''nvertebrate}} ({{#expr:{{#countTitle:LBS.....I}}+{{#countTitle:LBS.....N}}}} items)
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG...C|C: Acyl <br>group<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG---C.png|110px]]
| 1 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V1|LBS.....V1}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I1|LBS.....I1}}
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG...K|K: Alkyl <br>group<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG---K.png|110px]]
|-
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG...N|N: Alkenyl <br>group<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG---N.png|110px]]
| 2 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V2|LBS.....V2}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I2|LBS.....I2}}
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG...G|G: Glycosyl <br>group<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG---G.png|100px]]
|-
|align="center"| {{MapLink|ListMol|LBG...P|P: Phosphoryl <br>group<br>}}<br>[[Image:LBG---P.png|140px]]
| 3 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V3|LBS.....V3}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I3|LBS.....I3}}
|-
| 4 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V4|LBS.....V4}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I4|LBS.....I4}}
|-
| 5 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V5|LBS.....V5}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I5|LBS.....I5}}
|-
| 6 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V6|LBS.....V6}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I6|LBS.....I6}}
|-
| 7 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V7|LBS.....V7}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I7|LBS.....I7}}
|-
| 8 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V8|LBS.....V8}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I8|LBS.....I8}}
|}
|}
</center>
 
--->

Latest revision as of 06:42, 28 May 2024

Sphingolipid


Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database.

このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。

Ceramide
| OH
(C14-chain)＝／＼／ーOH
(fatty acid) ー | NH

セラミド 		Glycosphingolipid
| OH
(C14-chain)＝／＼／ーO-(sugar)
(fatty acid) ー | NH

スフィンゴ糖脂質 		Phosphosphingolipid
| OH
(C14-chain)＝／＼／ーO-(phosphate)
(fatty acid) ー | NH

スフィンゴリン脂質

Go to Sphingolipid search.


スフィンゴ脂質 Sphingolipid

Notation

分類体系 ID-Code Design

Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by oligosaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added.

スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。

L B S G/P s1 s2 n1 n2 y c1 c2
 
G/P G (glyco) P (phospho)
s1, s2 structure code as explained below
n1, n2 number of sugars (2 digits)
y number of sialic acids (1 digit)
c1, c2 serial numbers

スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid

First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
Cerebroside For GalCer and GlcCer, visit this page.
starting with
Galactose

(
) 		Gal-Cer
Galα1-4/6Galβ1-Cer
Galβ1-4Glcβ1-3Galβ1-Cer
starting with
Glucose

(
) 		GalNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
[1] 		GalNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GlcNAcβ1-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
...(NeuAcα2-6)GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
...(NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-6)GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		GlcNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
[2] 		Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		Galα-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
[1] 		Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		Gal-Glc-Cer
(Other than G2∼G4)
Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		Man-Glcβ-Cer
GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Manα1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		NeuAc/NeuGc-Glcβ-Cer
NeuGc or NeuAcα2-6Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		GalNAc-Glc-Cer
[3] 		GalNAcβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
starting with
Other Sugars
Symbols follow the Category:LBS#Sugar-Digit Table.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.
  2. ↑ In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.
  3. ↑ Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932

スフィンゴリン脂質 Phosphosphingolipid

First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
No Sugar Attached P1 (LBSP) R-P-Cer Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine
(Visit this page.)
starting with
Inositol

(29 items) 		GlcNα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
GlcNα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(10 items) 		GlcAα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
GlcAα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(52 items) 		Manα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
Manα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(21 items) 		Gal, Glc, and Others X-Ins1-P-Cer

Sugar-Digit Table

Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see #Notation.

Code Structure
A Glc LBS-Monomer-Glc.png
B Gal LBS-Monomer-Gal.png
C GlcNAc LBS-Monomer-GlcNAc.png
D GalNAc LBS-Monomer-GalNAc.png
E GlcN LBS-Monomer-GlcN.png
F GalN LBS-Monomer-GalN.png
G GlcA LBS-Monomer-GlcA.png
H GalA LBS-Monomer-GalA.png
I not used
Code Structure
J
LBS-Monomer-Man.png
K
LBS-Monomer-Rha.png
L
M Fucose (
,
,
) LBS-Monomer-Fuc.png
N
LBS-Monomer-Ara.png
O
LBS-Monomer-Xyl.png
P
LBS-Monomer-NeuAc.png
Q
LBS-Monomer-NeuGc.png
R
LBS-Monomer-KDN.png
Code Structure
S
LBS-Monomer-P.png
T
,
,
LBS-Monomer-AEPn.png
U
LBS-Monomer-S.png
V acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain LBS-Monomer-Alkyl.png

Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). (more details)

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含みます。（詳細はこちら）


History of Sphingolipids

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.[1] The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.[2]

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。 スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。

  1. ↑ Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884
  2. ↑ Gault CR,?Obeid LM,?Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol.?2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643


Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

L

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