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{{LB/Header}}
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{{Hierarchy|{{PAGENAME}}}}
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{| style="float:right"
{| style="float:left"
| __TOC__
| __TOC__
|}
|}
==Class Overview==
=={{Bilingual|概要|Class Overview}}==


The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes phosphosphingolipid and glycosphingolipid.
{{Twocolumn|
Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database.  
|このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。
}}


<center>
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
{|  
|-
|-
! colspan="3" | Sphingolipid Overview
| style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
[[:Category:LBSB| '''Ceramide''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|OH}}<br/><small>セラミド</small>
| style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
[[:Category:LBS#スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid|'''Glycosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(sugar)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴ糖脂質</small>
| style="vertical-align:top" width="33%"|
[[:Category:LBSP| '''Phosphosphingolipid''']]<br/>{{LBS/Cer|O-(phosphate)}}<br/><small>スフィンゴリン脂質</small>
|-
|-
| align="center" style="vertical-align:top" width=33%|
|
'''Phospho'''sphingolipid<br/>(including glycosyl phosphoinositolceramide or GIPC)
*[[:Category:LBSB|Long-chain base and ceramide]]
<br>[[Image:LBSPP.png|120px]]<br/><small>スフィンゴリン脂質 (GIPC含む)</small>
|
| align="center" style="vertical-align:top" width=33%|
*[[:Category:LBSC|Cerebroside <small>(monohexosyl ceramides)</small>]]
[[:Category:LBSC|'''Cerebroside''' (monoglycosylceramide)]]
*[[:Category:LBSG|Acidic glycosphingolipid]]
<br>[[Image:LBSnn.png|120px]]<br/><small>セレブロシド (糖の数 n = 1)</small>
|
| align="center" style="vertical-align:top" width=33%|
*[[:Category:LBSP|Sphingomyelin, CPE, CAEP and GIPC]]
'''Glyco'''sphingolipid (glycosylceramide)
<br>[[Image:LBSnn.png|120px]]<br/><small>スフィンゴ糖脂質 (糖の数 n > 1)</small>
 
|}
|}
</center>
</center>


==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴシンとセラミド|Sphingosine & Ceramide}}===
{{Twocolumn|
Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure. The name "sphingo" comes from the Greek word ''sphingein'' for holding tight. (The Sphinx also comes from this word root. See the Wikipedia article for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx Sphinx], as well as sphincter muscle.) The basic structure is a long-chain base, usually sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol abbreviated as d18:1), whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.
|
スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。スフィンゴという名前はギリシャ語の sphingein に由来しており、「固く縛る」という意味です。（スフィンクスの語源もこれに同じで、括約筋のことを英語で sphincter muscle といいます。）基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール、通常はd18:1と記載されるスフィンゴシン) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。
}}
{{Twocolumn|
Ceramides with the sphingoid are prevalent as membrane components of eukaryotic cells. Sphingomyelin is a ceramide with phosphocholine. Some ceramides are organ-specific. For example, phytosphingosine localizes in small intestines.
|
スフィンゴ骨格をもつセラミドは細胞組織の膜成分として普遍的に存在します。セラミドにホスホコリンがついたものが有名なスフィンゴミエリンです。臓器特異的なセラミドもあります。例えばフィトスフィンゴシンは小腸にあります。
}}
<!----
<center>
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<big>
|
[[:Category:LBS/Search|{{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質検索画面にいく|Go to Sphingolipid search.}}]]
|colspan="3"| Glycosylceramides
</big>
|colspan="3"| Glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs)
|-
|
|Fatty acid
|LCB
|Ref.
|Fatty acid
|LCB
|Ref.
|-
|Plant
| h[C16:0 -C26:0] <br/> h[C16:1 -C26:1] <br/> h[C16:0] <br/> h[VLCFA]
| d18:2 <br/> d18:2 <br/> d18:1 <br/> t18:1
| 1,3<br/>1,3<br/>1<br/>1,3
| h[VLCFA] <br/> h[C14:0-C26:0] <br/> h[C20:1-C26:1]
| t18:1 <br/> t18:0/1 <br/> t18:0/1
| 1 <br/> 4 <br/> 1,4
|-
|Fungi
| h[C16:0 - C18:0] <br/> h[C16:1- C18:1]
| 9-methyl d18:2 <br/> 9-methyl d18:2
| 2,3<br/>2,3
| C24:1 - C26:1 <br/> h[C24:0 - C26:0] <br/>  h[C16:0 - C26:0]
| t18:0 <br/> t18:0 <br/> t18:0, t20:0
| 2 <br/> 3 <br/> 3,4
|}
|}
<small>LCB: long chain base, h: hydroxy, VLCFA: very long chain fatty acid</small>
</center>
</center>
--->


<references/>


==Biosynthesis==
==スフィンゴ脂質 Sphingolipid==
{{Twocolumn|
Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane.  It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). ([[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|more details]])
|
スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成する。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含む。（[[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|詳細はこちら]]）
}}
 
==Sphingolipid スフィンゴ脂質==


===Notation===
==={{Bilingual|表記法|Notation}}===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:80%"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:80%"
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:gray"| Symbol Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose)
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Symbol Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose)
|-
|-
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Backbones
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Backbones
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
Cer && ceramide && セラミド
Cer && ceramide && セラミド &&
Sph && sphingosine && スフィンゴシン
Sph && sphingosine && スフィンゴシン &&
}}
}}
|-
|-
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Sugars
!colspan="4" align="center" style="background:lightgray"| Sugars
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
{{#repeatnum:LBS/AbbrevRow|1|
Glc && glucose && グルコース
Glc && glucose && グルコース && C6H12O6 &&
Gal && galactose && ガラクトース
Gal && galactose && ガラクトース && C6H12O6 &&
GlcNAc && ''N''-acetyl-glucosamine && ''N''-アセチルグルコサミン
GlcNAc && ''N''-acetyl-glucosamine && ''N''-アセチルグルコサミン && C8H15NO6
GalNAc && ''N''-acetyl-galactosamine && ''N''-アセチルガラクトサミン
GalNAc && ''N''-acetyl-galactosamine && ''N''-アセチルガラクトサミン && C8H15NO6
GlcN && glucosamine && グルコサミン
GlcN && glucosamine && グルコサミン && C6H13NO5
GalN && galactosamine && ガラクトサミン
GalN && galactosamine && ガラクトサミン && C6H13NO5
GlcA && glucuronic acid && グルクロン酸
GlcA && glucuronic acid && グルクロン酸 && C6H10O7
GalA && galacturonic acid && ガラクツロン酸
GalA && galacturonic acid && ガラクツロン酸 && C6H10O7 &&
Man && mannose && マンノース
Man && mannose && マンノース && C6H12O6 && 18950
Rha && rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) && ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース)
Rha && rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) && ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース) && C6H12O5 && 19233
Ins && inositol && イノシトール
Ins && inositol && イノシトール && C6H12O6 && 892
Fuc && fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) && フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース)
Fuc && fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) && フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース) && C6H12O5 && 17106
Ara && arabinose && アラビノース
Ara && arabinose && アラビノース && C5H10O5 && 5460291
Xyl && xylose && キシロース
Xyl && xylose && キシロース && C5H10O5 && 135191
NeuNH && (deacetyl) neuraminic acid<br/>(pyruvate + mannosamine) && ノイラミン酸<br/>(ピルビン酸＋マンノサミン)
NeuNH && (deacetyl) neuraminic acid<br/>(pyruvate + mannosamine) && ノイラミン酸<br/>(ピルビン酸＋マンノサミン) && C9H17N1O8 && 513472
NeuAc && ''N''-acetyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-アセチルノイラミン酸
NeuAc && ''N''-acetyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-アセチルノイラミン酸 && C11H19NO9 && 439197
NeuGc && ''N''-glycolyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-グリコリルノイラミン酸
NeuGc && ''N''-glycolyl-neuraminic acid && ''N''-グリコリルノイラミン酸 && C11H19NO10 && 123802
KDN && 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-<br/>D-galacto-nononic acid && デアミノノイラミン酸
Kdn && 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-<br/>D-galacto-nononic acid && デアミノノイラミン酸 && C9H16O9 && 13991616
}}
}}
|-
|-
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|}
|}


==={{Bilingual|分類体系 |Page/ID-Code Design}}===
===分類体系 ID-Code Design===
{{Twocolumn|
Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by oligosaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added.
|スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。
}}


{|
{|
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|}
|}


===First (s1) Code for Glycosphingolipid===
===スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid===
<span id="SphingolipidClass"></span>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white"
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence
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|-
|-
! starting with<br/><big>Galactose</big>
! starting with<br/><big>Galactose</big>
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG1|'''G1''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG1.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG1}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G1</b>|LBSG1}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG1}} items|LBSG1.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''Gal'''-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''Gal'''-Cer
|
|
{| style="width:100%;"
{| style="width:100%;"
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer|Gala]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Gala / Neogala|Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-4/6Galb1-Cer}}  
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4/6Galb1-Cer}}  
|-
|-
|style="border:0"|[[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer|Spirometo]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"|{{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Spirometo|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" | starting with<br/><big>Glucose</big>
! rowspan="8" | starting with<br/><big>Glucose</big>
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG2|'''G2''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG2.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG2}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G2</b>|LBSG2}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG2}} items|LBSG2.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''GalNAc<sub>&beta;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''GalNAc<sub>&beta;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
|
{| style="width:100%"
{| style="width:100%"
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Ganglio]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Ganglio|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoganglio]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Isoganglio|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}<ref name="iso">In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.</ref>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*GlcNAcb1-3\(.*GalNAcb1-4\)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lactoganglio]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Lactoganglio|Structure.*GlcNAcb1-3\(.*GalNAcb1-4\)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3(GalNAcb1-4)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3(GalNAcb1-4)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|a-series]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|a-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|(NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|b-series]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|b-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|c-series]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|c-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|&alpha;-series]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|&alpha;-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|(NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|...(NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|&beta;-series]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|&beta;-series|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|...(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG3|'''G3''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG3.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG3}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G3</b>|LBSG3}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG3}} items|LBSG3.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''GlcNAc<sub>&beta;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''GlcNAc<sub>&beta;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
|
{| style="width:100%"
{| style="width:100%"
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lacto]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Lacto|Mainchain.*Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Neolacto]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Neolacto|Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}<ref name="neo">In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.</ref>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|LBSG4|'''G4''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG4.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG4}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G4</b>|LBSG4}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG4}} items|LBSG4.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''Gal<sub>&alpha;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''Gal<sub>&alpha;</sub>'''-Gal<sub>&beta;</sub>-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
|
{| style="width:100%"
{| style="width:100%"
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Globo]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Globo|Mainchain.*Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoglobo]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Isoglobo|Mainchain.*Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}<ref name="iso"/>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG5|'''G5''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG5.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG5}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G5</b>|LBSG5}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG5}} items|LBSG5.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| Gal-Glc-Cer<br/>(Other than G2&sim;G4)
|style="text-align:right"| Gal-Glc-Cer<br/>(Other than G2&sim;G4)
|
|
{| style="width:100%"
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Muco]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Muco|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG6|'''G6''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG6.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG6}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G6</b>|LBSG6}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG6}} items|LBSG6.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''Man'''-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''Man'''-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
|
{| style="width:100%"
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Arthro]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Arthro|Mainchain.*GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|-
|-
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Mollu]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mollu|Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1.Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG7|'''G7''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG7.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG7}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G7</b>|LBSG7}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG7}} items|LBSG7.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''NeuAc'''/'''NeuGc'''-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''NeuAc'''/'''NeuGc'''-Glc<sub>&beta;</sub>-Cer
|
|
{| style="width:100%"
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Neu(A~G)c.2-6Glcb1-Cer|Echino]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Echino|Mainchain.*Neu(A~G)c.2-6Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| <font color=purple>'''NeuGc'''</font> or {{LBS/FormatSugar|NeuAca2-6Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| <font color=purple>'''NeuGc'''</font> or {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|NeuAca2-6Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSG8|'''G8''']] <br/> ([[Volatile:ClassMatrix|LBSG8.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids|{{#countTitle:LBSG8}} items]])
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G8</b>|LBSG8}} <br /> ({{#volatile:ClassMatrix|{{#countTitle:LBSG8}} items|LBSG8.....|7|8|9|9|Number_of_Sugars|Number_of_Sialic_acids}})
|style="text-align:right"| '''GalNAc'''-Glc-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''GalNAc'''-Glc-Cer
|
|
{| style="width:100%"
{| style="width:100%"
|style="border:0"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer|Plathy]]
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Schisto|Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer}}<ref>Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932</ref>
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Glcb1-Cer}}
|}
|}
|-
|-
! starting with<br/><big>Other Sugars</big>
! starting with<br/><big>Other Sugars</big>
| '''G'''('''A'''&sim;'''Z''')
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>G</b>(<b>A</b>&sim;<b>R</b>)|LBSG(A~B~C~D~E~F~G~H~J~K~M~N~O~P~Q~R)}}
|colspan="2"| Symbols follow the Sugar-digit table.
|colspan="2"| Symbols follow the [[:Category:LBS#Sugar-Digit Table]].
|-
|}
<references/>
 
===スフィンゴリン脂質 Phosphosphingolipid===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; background-color:white"
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence  
! First sugar || Code || Root sequence  
!colspan="2"| Major Series
!colspan="2"| Major Series
|-
|-
! No Sugar Attached
! No Sugar Attached
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSP1|'''P1''']] <br/> ({{#countTitle:LBSP1}} items)
| '''P1''' ([[:Category:LBSP|LBSP]])
| R-P-Cer
| R-P-Cer
| Sphingomyelins
| Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine<br/>(Visit [[:Category:LBSP|this page]].)
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" | starting with<br/><big>Inositol</big>
! rowspan="4" | starting with<br/><big>Inositol</big>
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSP2|'''P2''']] <br/> ({{#countTitle:LBSP2}} items)
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P2</b>|LBSP2}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP2}} items)
| style="text-align:right"| '''GlcN'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
| style="text-align:right"| '''GlcN'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
| style="text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|
{|style="width:100%"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Protozoa & Fungi-specific|Mainchain.*GlcN.1-.Ins-P-Cer}}
| style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSP3|'''P3''']] <br/> ({{#countTitle:LBSP3}} items)
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P3</b>|LBSP3}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP3}} items)  
| style="text-align:right"| '''GlcA'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
|style="text-align:right"| '''GlcA'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
| style="text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcAa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|
{|style="width:100%"
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Plant-specific|Mainchain.*GlcA.1-.Ins-P-Cer}}
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcAa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSP4|'''P4''']] <br/> ({{#countTitle:LBSP4}} items)
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P4</b>|LBSP4}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP4}} items)
| style="text-align:right"| '''Man'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
| style="text-align:right"| '''Man'''<sub>&alpha;/&beta;1&minus;2/6</sub>Ins<sub>1</sub>-P-Cer
| style="text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Mana/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|
{| style="width:100%"
| style="border:0;text-align:left"| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Fungi-specific|Mainchain.*Man.1-.Ins-P-Cer}}
| style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Mana/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}
|-
|-
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSP5|'''P5''']] <br/> ({{#countTitle:LBSP5}} items)
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|<b>P5</b>|LBSP5}} <br /> ({{#countTitle:LBSP5}} items)
| style="text-align:right"| Others
| style="text-align:right"| Gal, Glc, and Others
| style="text-align:right"| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Ins1-P-Cer}}
| style="text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|X-Ins1-P-Cer}}
|}
|}


===Second (s2) Code for subsequent sugars===
===Sugar-Digit Table===
<span id="SphingolipidSugar"></span>
{{Bilingual|クリックすると一覧が出ます。記号の略称については|Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see}} [[#Notation]].


{{Bilingual|記号の略称については|For abbreviations, see}} [[#Notation]].
{|  
 
{| valign="top"
|-
|-
|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Line 353: Line 331:
|-
|-
! '''J'''
! '''J'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*Man|Mannose]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-Man.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mannose|Structure.*Man}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Man.png]]
|-
|-
! '''K'''
! '''K'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*Rha|Rhamnose]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-Rha.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Rhamnose|Structure.*Rha}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Rha.png]]
|-
|-
! '''L'''
! '''L'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|{{#encode:Structure.*Ins(Me)?-P-[^Cer]}}|Inositol]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Inositol|Structure.*Ins(Me)?-P-[^Cer]}}  
|-
|-
! '''M'''
! '''M'''
| Fucose ([[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|{{#encode:Structure[^F]+Fuc[^F]+$}}| 1]], [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|{{#encode:Structure([^F]+Fuc){2}[^F]+$}}|2]], [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|{{#encode:Structure([^F]+Fuc){3}}}|>3]]) [[File:LBS-Monomer-Fuc.png]]
| Fucose ({{#volatile:ListMol/LBS| 1|Structure[^F]+Fuc[^F]+$}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|2|Structure([^F]+Fuc){2}[^F]+$}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|>3|Structure([^F]+Fuc){3} }}) [[File:LBS-Monomer-Fuc.png]]
|-
|-
! '''N'''
! '''N'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*Ara|Arabinose]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-Ara.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Arabinose|Structure.*Ara}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Ara.png]]
|-
|-
! '''O'''
! '''O'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*Xyl|Xylose]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-Xyl.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Xylose|Structure.*Xyl}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-Xyl.png]]
|-
|-
! '''P'''
! '''P'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*(NeuAc~NeuNH)|NeuAc / NeuNH]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-NeuAc.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|NeuAc / NeuNH|Structure.*(NeuAc~NeuNH)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-NeuAc.png]]
|-
|-
! '''Q'''
! '''Q'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*(NeuGc)|NeuGc]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-NeuGc.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|NeuGc|Structure.*(NeuGc)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-NeuGc.png]]
|-
|-
! '''R'''
! '''R'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*(KDN)|KDN]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-KDN.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Kdn|Structure.*(KDN)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-KDN.png]]
|}
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
Line 385: Line 363:
|-
|-
! '''S'''
! '''S'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*(Phospho)|Phosphate (except GIPC)]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-P.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Phosphate (except GIPC)|Structure.*(Phospho)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-P.png]]
|-
|-
! '''T'''
! '''T'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*(AEPn)|(M)AEPn]], [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*(EtnP)|EtnP]], [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*(PC)|PC]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-AEPn.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|(M)AEPn|Structure.*(AEPn)}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|EtnP|Structure.*(EtnP)}}, {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|PC|Structure.*(PC)}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-AEPn.png]]
|-
|-
! '''U'''
! '''U'''
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*Sulfo|Sulfate]] [[File:LBS-Monomer-S.png]]
| {{#volatile:ListMol/LBS|Sulfate|Structure.*Sulfo}} [[File:LBS-Monomer-S.png]]
|-
|-
! '''V'''
! '''V'''
Line 397: Line 375:
|}
|}


=={{Bilingual|生合成|Biosynthesis}}==
{{Twocolumn|
Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane.  It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). ([[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|more details]])
|
スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含みます。（[[:Category:LBS/Biosynthesis|詳細はこちら]]）
}}
=={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質の歴史|History of Sphingolipids}}==
{{Twocolumn|
Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.<ref>Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884</ref> The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.
Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.<ref>Gault CR,?Obeid LM,?Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol.?2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643</ref>
|
スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。
スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。
}}
<references/>


<!---
<!---
Line 410: Line 406:
| '''1'''  
| '''1'''  
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(&alpha; form)
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(&alpha; form)
| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-3 ...}}
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-3 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''2''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-4 ...}}
| '''2''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''3''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|Gala1-6 ...}}
| '''3''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-6 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''4'''
| '''4'''
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(&beta; form)
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(&beta; form)
| {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-3 ...}}
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-3 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''5''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-4 ...}}
| '''5''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''6''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-6 ...}}
| '''6''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-6 ...}}
|}
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
Line 432: Line 428:
| '''7'''  
| '''7'''  
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Galactosamine</b><br/>(&beta; form)
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Galactosamine</b><br/>(&beta; form)
| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3 ...}}
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''8''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4 ...}}
| '''8''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''9''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-6 ...}}
| '''9''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-6 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''A'''  
| '''A'''  
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Glucosamine</b><br/>(&beta; form)
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Glucosamine</b><br/>(&beta; form)
| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3 ...}}
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''B'''
| '''B'''
| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-4 ...}}
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-4 ...}}
|-
|-
| '''C'''
| '''C'''
| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-6 ...}}
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-6 ...}}
|}
|}
|}
|}
Line 459: Line 455:
| '''D'''  
| '''D'''  
|rowspan="2"| <b>Aminated Sugars</b><br/>(Except for Code 7&sim;C)
|rowspan="2"| <b>Aminated Sugars</b><br/>(Except for Code 7&sim;C)
| {{LBS/FormatSugar|GalNAc, GalN}}
| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAc, GalN}}
|-
|-
| '''E''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNAc, GlcN}}
| '''E''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAc, GlcN}}
|-
|-
| '''F'''  
| '''F'''  
Line 484: Line 480:
| '''M''' || Mannose and Rhamnose (= 6-deoxymannose)<br/>(<span style="color:green"><b>Man, Rha</b></span>)
| '''M''' || Mannose and Rhamnose (= 6-deoxymannose)<br/>(<span style="color:green"><b>Man, Rha</b></span>)
|-
|-
| '''N''' || Sialic acids<br/>(<b><span style="color:Purple">NeuAc, NeuNH</span>, <span style="color:gray">NeuGc</span>, <span style="color:Green">KDN</span></b>)
| '''N''' || Sialic acids<br/>(<b><span style="color:Purple">NeuAc, NeuNH</span>, <span style="color:gray">NeuGc</span>, <span style="color:Green">Kdn</span></b>)
|}
|}
|}
|}
Line 505: Line 501:
!colspan="2"| Abbreviations
!colspan="2"| Abbreviations
|-
|-
| '''Y''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-1Cer}}
| '''Y''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-1Cer}}
|-
|-
| '''Z''' || {{LBS/FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-1bCer}}
| '''Z''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-1bCer}}
|}
|}
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 06:42, 28 May 2024

Sphingolipid


Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database.

このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。

Ceramide
| OH
(C14-chain)＝／＼／ーOH
(fatty acid) ー | NH

セラミド 		Glycosphingolipid
| OH
(C14-chain)＝／＼／ーO-(sugar)
(fatty acid) ー | NH

スフィンゴ糖脂質 		Phosphosphingolipid
| OH
(C14-chain)＝／＼／ーO-(phosphate)
(fatty acid) ー | NH

スフィンゴリン脂質

Go to Sphingolipid search.


スフィンゴ脂質 Sphingolipid

Notation

分類体系 ID-Code Design

Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by oligosaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added.

スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。

L B S G/P s1 s2 n1 n2 y c1 c2
 
G/P G (glyco) P (phospho)
s1, s2 structure code as explained below
n1, n2 number of sugars (2 digits)
y number of sialic acids (1 digit)
c1, c2 serial numbers

スフィンゴ糖脂質 Glycosphingolipid

First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
Cerebroside For GalCer and GlcCer, visit this page.
starting with
Galactose

(
) 		Gal-Cer
Galα1-4/6Galβ1-Cer
Galβ1-4Glcβ1-3Galβ1-Cer
starting with
Glucose

(
) 		GalNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
[1] 		GalNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GlcNAcβ1-3(GalNAcβ1-4)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
...(NeuAcα2-6)GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
...(NeuAcα2-8NeuAcα2-6)GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		GlcNAcβ-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
[2] 		Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		Galα-Galβ-Glcβ-Cer
Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
[1] 		Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		Gal-Glc-Cer
(Other than G2∼G4)
Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		Man-Glcβ-Cer
GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
Manα1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		NeuAc/NeuGc-Glcβ-Cer
NeuGc or NeuAcα2-6Glcβ1-Cer

(
) 		GalNAc-Glc-Cer
[3] 		GalNAcβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
starting with
Other Sugars
Symbols follow the Category:LBS#Sugar-Digit Table.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.
  2. ↑ In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.
  3. ↑ Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932

スフィンゴリン脂質 Phosphosphingolipid

First sugar Code Root sequence Major Series
No Sugar Attached P1 (LBSP) R-P-Cer Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine
(Visit this page.)
starting with
Inositol

(29 items) 		GlcNα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
GlcNα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(10 items) 		GlcAα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
GlcAα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(52 items) 		Manα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer
Manα/β1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer

(21 items) 		Gal, Glc, and Others X-Ins1-P-Cer

Sugar-Digit Table

Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see #Notation.

Code Structure
A Glc LBS-Monomer-Glc.png
B Gal LBS-Monomer-Gal.png
C GlcNAc LBS-Monomer-GlcNAc.png
D GalNAc LBS-Monomer-GalNAc.png
E GlcN LBS-Monomer-GlcN.png
F GalN LBS-Monomer-GalN.png
G GlcA LBS-Monomer-GlcA.png
H GalA LBS-Monomer-GalA.png
I not used
Code Structure
J
LBS-Monomer-Man.png
K
LBS-Monomer-Rha.png
L
M Fucose (
,
,
) LBS-Monomer-Fuc.png
N
LBS-Monomer-Ara.png
O
LBS-Monomer-Xyl.png
P
LBS-Monomer-NeuAc.png
Q
LBS-Monomer-NeuGc.png
R
LBS-Monomer-KDN.png
Code Structure
S
LBS-Monomer-P.png
T
,
,
LBS-Monomer-AEPn.png
U
LBS-Monomer-S.png
V acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain LBS-Monomer-Alkyl.png

Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine on the ER membrane. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (trans-form) at the C-4 position (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). (more details)

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)でトランス型の不飽和結合をC-4に1つ含みます。（詳細はこちら）


History of Sphingolipids

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.[1] The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.[2]

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。 スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。

  1. ↑ Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884
  2. ↑ Gault CR,?Obeid LM,?Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol.?2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643


Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

L

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