Sphingolipid
Class Overview
Sphingosine & Ceramide
Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). Sphingosine is further acylated to form ceramide, an important component of cell membranes.
The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in this database includes glycosphingolipid, phosphosphingolipid, and ceramide.
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スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。
スフィンゴシンがアシル化したものが、細胞膜の重要な成分であるセラミドです。
このデータベースにおけるスフィンゴ脂質カテゴリー (LBS) には、スフィンゴ糖脂質 (glycosphingolipid)、スフィンゴリン脂質 (phosphosphingolipid) 、セラミド (ceramide) が含まれています。
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Common Abbreviations
| Sugar Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose)
|
| Cer |
 |
ceramide |
セラミド
|
| Sph |
 |
sphingosine |
スフィンゴシン
|
| Glc |
 |
glucose |
グルコース
|
| Gal |
 |
galactose |
ガラクトース
|
| GlcNAc |
 |
N-acetyl-glucosamine |
N-アセチルグルコサミン
|
| GalNAc |
 |
N-acetyl-galactosamine |
N-アセチルガラクトサミン
|
| GlcN |
 |
glucosamine |
グルコサミン
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| GalN |
 |
galactosamine |
ガラクトサミン
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| GlcA |
 |
glucuronic acid |
グルクロン酸
|
| GalA |
 |
galacturonic acid |
ガラクツロン酸
|
| Man |
 |
mannose |
マンノース
|
| Rha |
 |
rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) |
ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース)
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| Ins |
 |
inositol |
イノシトール
|
| Fuc |
 |
fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) |
フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース)
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| Ara |
 |
arabinose |
アラビノース
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| Xyl |
 |
xylose |
キシロース
|
| NeuNH |
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(deacetyl) neuraminic acid (pyruvate + mannosamine) |
ノイラミン酸 (ピルビン酸+マンノサミン)
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| NeuAc |
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N-acetyl-neuraminic acid |
N-アセチルノイラミン酸
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| NeuGc |
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N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid |
N-グリコリルノイラミン酸
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| KDN |
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2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero- D-galacto-nononic acid |
デアミノノイラミン酸
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| Modifiers
|
| AEPn |
 |
(2-Aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphoryl |
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| EtnP |
 |
2-Aminoethanolphospho |
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| MAEPn |
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(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphoryl |
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| MAEPr |
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(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl)phosphoryl |
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| HPO3 |
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Phosphono |
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| HSO3 |
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Sulfono |
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| PC |
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Phosphocholine |
|
| CH3CH2CH=CH |
|
Butenyl |
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| Me |
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Methyl |
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| Et |
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Ethyl |
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Page/ID Design for Sphingolipid
| L
| B
| S
| s1
| s2
| s3
| n1
| n2
| y
| c
| c1
| c2
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- s1 ∼ s3 ... Structure code (3 digits)
- Explained below
- n1, n2 ... the number of sugars (2 digits)
- y ... the number of sialic acids ( 1 digit)
- c ... ceramide identification (1 digit)
- c1, c2 ... serial numbers
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- 下に詳述
- n1, n2 ... 糖の数 (2桁)
- y ... シアル酸の数 (1桁)
- c ... セラミドの同定 (1桁)
- c1, c2 ... 通し番号
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Structure Code
| code
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Galactose
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| 0
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no sugar
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| 1
|
Galactose (α form)
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Galα1-3 ...
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| 2 |
Galα1-4 ...
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| 3 |
Galα1-6 ...
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| 4
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Galactose (β form)
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Galβ1-3 ...
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| 5 |
Galβ1-4 ...
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| 6 |
Galβ1-6 ...
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|
| code
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N-Acetylated Sugars
|
| 7
|
N-Acetyl Galactosamine (β form)
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GalNAcβ1-3 ...
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| 8 |
GalNAcβ1-4 ...
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| 9 |
GalNAcβ1-6 ...
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| A
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N-Acetyl Glucosamine (β form)
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GlcNAcβ1-3 ...
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| B
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GlcNAcβ1-4 ...
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| C
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GlcNAcβ1-6 ...
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|
| code
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Galactose & Glucose
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| D
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Aminated Sugars (Except for Code 7∼C)
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GalNAc, GalN
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| E |
GlcNAc, GlcN
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| F
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Galactose (Except Code 1∼6)
|
Gal
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| G
|
Glucose
|
Glc
|
|
| code
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Other Sugars
|
| J |
Inositol (Ins)
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| K |
Fucose (Fuc)
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| L |
Pentose sugars (Ara, Xyl)
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| M |
Mannose and Rhamnose (= 6-deoxymannose) (Man, Rha)
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| N |
Neuraminic acids (NeuAc, NeuNH, NeuGc, KDN)
|
|
| code
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Modifiers
|
| P |
Phosphate (HPO4), Sulphate (HSO4), and Phosphocholine (PC)
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| Q |
Aminoethylphosphates AEPn, MAEPr, EtnP
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| R |
O-Alkyl and O-acyl groups OAc, CH3, 2C=CH
|
|
| code
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Abbreviations
|
| Y |
GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer
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| Z |
Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1bCer
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NOTE
- Most common patterns
- GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4-Glcβ1-Cer:Ganglio series ... over 110 molecules
- GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4-Glcβ1-Cer:Lacto or Neolacto series ... over 170 molecules
- Neuraminic acid + Galβ1-4-Glcβ1-Cer:??... over 50 molecules
- GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer:Arthro series ... over 50 molecules
- Digits
"I" and "O" are not used to avoid confusion with "1" or "0".
Polysaccharide Chain
Table 1. Common Categories
| Common Name |
Sequence |
LipidBank ID
|
| By GalCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.62)
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| Gala
|
0
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Galα1-4Galβ1-Cer
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| Spirometo
|
0
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Galβ1-4Glcβ1-3Galβ1-Cer
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| By GlcCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.80)
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| Ganglio
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0
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GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| Isoganglio
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0
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GalNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| Globo
|
0
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Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| Isoglobo
|
0
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Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| Lacto
|
0
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Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| NeoLacto
|
0
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Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| Muco
|
0
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Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| With Mannose
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| Arthro
|
0
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GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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| Mollu
|
0
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Manα1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Classification
By the Number of Sugars 糖の個数
For glycosphingolipid, 2 digits following LBS stand for the number of attached sugars. For phosphosphingolipid, the code of phosphorylation, PP.
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スフィンゴ糖脂質は結合している糖の総数をLBSに続く2桁の数字で、スフィンゴリン脂質は数字の代わりにリン酸化修飾を示す記号PPで分類しています。
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| Sphingolipid Overview
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Glycosphingolipid スフィンゴ糖脂質: LBSnn

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Phosphosphingolipid スフィンゴリン脂質: LBSPP

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Table 1. Classification by the Number of Sugars
| (41 pages)
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(49 pages)
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(95 pages)
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(111 pages)
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| (124 pages)
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(102 pages)
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(84 pages)
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(57 pages)
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| (35 pages)
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(18 pages)
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(10 pages)
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(10 pages)
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| (0 pages)
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(5 pages)
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(4 pages)
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(1 pages)
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| (0 pages)
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(1 pages)
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(0 pages)
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(3 pages)
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| (0 pages)
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(1 pages)
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(1 pages)
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(0 pages)
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Subcategories
This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.