Sphingolipid
Class Overview
Sphingosine & Ceramide
Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). Sphingosine is further acylated to form ceramide, an important component of cell membranes.
The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in this database includes glycosphingolipid, phosphosphingolipid, and ceramide.
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スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。
スフィンゴシンがアシル化したものが、細胞膜の重要な成分であるセラミドです。
このデータベースにおけるスフィンゴ脂質カテゴリー (LBS) には、スフィンゴ糖脂質 (glycosphingolipid)、スフィンゴリン脂質 (phosphosphingolipid) 、セラミド (ceramide) が含まれています。
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Abbreviations
Sugar Abbreviations (Ex. Glc → glucose)
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Cer |
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ceramides |
セラミド
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Sph |
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sphingosine |
スフィンゴシン
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Glc |
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glucose |
グルコース
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Gal |
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galactose |
ガラクトース
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GlcNAc |
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N-acetyl-glucosamine |
N-アセチルグルコサミン
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GalNAc |
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N-acetyl-galactosamine |
N-アセチルガラクトサミン
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GlcN |
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glucosamine |
グルコサミン
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GalN |
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galactosamine |
ガラクトサミン
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GlcA |
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glucuronic acid |
グルクロン酸
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GalN |
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galacturonic acid |
ガラクツロン酸
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Man |
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mannose |
マンノース
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Rha |
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rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) |
ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース)
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Ins |
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inositol |
イノシトール
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Fuc |
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fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) |
フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース)
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Ara |
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arabinose |
アラビノース
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Xyl |
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xylose |
キシロース
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NeuAc |
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N-acetyl-neuraminic acid |
N-アセチルノイラミン酸
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NeuGc |
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N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid |
N-グリコリルノイラミン酸
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NeuNH |
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(deacetyl) neuraminic acid (pyruvate + mannosamine) |
ノイラミン酸 (ピルビン酸+マンノサミン)
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KDN |
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2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero- D-galacto-nononic acid |
KDN
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Modifiers
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AEPn |
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(2-Aminoethyl-)hydroxyphosphoryl |
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MAEPn |
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(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl-)hydroxyphosphoryl |
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EtnP |
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2-Aminoethanolphospho |
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MAEPr |
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(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl-)phosphoryl |
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HPO3 |
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Phosphono |
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HSO3 |
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Sulfono |
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2C=CH |
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Ethyl |
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PC |
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Phosphocholine |
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Design of Page Titles for Sphingolipid
L
| B
| S
| V/I
| s1
| s2
| s3
| n1
| n2
| y
| c1
| c2
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- V for vertebrates and I for invertebrates
- s1 ∼ s3 ... Structure code
- The 1st letter s1:
- Z for Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1bCer
- Y (Arthro) for GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer
- For others, 0 ∼ Q of the 1st sugar
- The 2nd and 3rd letters s2 and s3:
- 0 to Q for the 3rd and 4th sugars for Z class
- 0 to Q for the 4th and 5th sugars for Y class
- 0 to Q for the 2nd and 3rd sugars for others
- n1, n2 ... the number of sugars
- y ... the number of sialic acids
- c1, c2 ... serial numbers
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- x ... 脊椎動物は V 無脊椎動物は I
- s1 ∼ s3 ... 構造コード
- 最初の文字 s1:
- Z は Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1bCer
- Y (Arthro型) は GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer
- それ以外は最初の糖タイプにより 0 ∼ Q
- 2番目、3番目の文字 s2 and s3:
- Zクラスの場合、3,4番目の糖タイプにより 0 to Q
- Yクラスの場合、4,5番目の糖タイプにより 0 to Q
- それ以外の場合、2,3番目の糖タイプにより 0 to Q
- n1, n2 ... 糖の数
- y ... シアル酸の数
- c1, c2 ... 通し番号
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Sugar Code
"I" and "O" are not used to avoid confusion with "1" or "0".
code
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sugar |
code
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sugar |
code
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sugar
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0 |
no sugar
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A |
other Galactose (Gal) including methylation
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L |
Rhamnose (Rha) or pentose sugars (Ara, Xyl)
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1 |
Galα1-3
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B |
Other N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) or glucosamine (GlcNAc)
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M |
Mannose (Man)
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2 |
Galα1-4
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C |
Galactosamine (GalN) or Glucosamine (GlcN)
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N |
Neuraminic acids (NeuAc, NeuGc, NeuNH, KDN)
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3 |
Galα1-6
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D |
GlcNAcβ1-3
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P |
phosphocholine (PC), phosphate (HPO3), sulphate (HSO3), and ethylene (2C=CH)
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4 |
Galβ1-3
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E |
GlcNAcβ1-4
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Q |
Aminoethylphosphate (AEPn, MAEPr, EtnP)
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5 |
Galβ1-4
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F |
GlcNAcβ1-6
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6 |
Galβ1-6
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G |
Other Glucose (Glc)
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7 |
GalNAcβ1-3
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H |
Glucuronic acid (GlcA)
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8 |
GalNAcβ1-4
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J |
Inositol (Ins)
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Y |
GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer
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9 |
GalNAcβ1-6
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K |
Fucose (Fuc)
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Z |
Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1bCer
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Classification
By the Number of Sugars 糖の個数
For glycosphingolipid, 2 digits following LBS stand for the number of attached sugars. For phosphosphingolipid, the code of phosphorylation, PP.
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スフィンゴ糖脂質は結合している糖の総数をLBSに続く2桁の数字で、スフィンゴリン脂質は数字の代わりにリン酸化修飾を示す記号PPで分類しています。
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Sphingolipid Overview
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Glycosphingolipid スフィンゴ糖脂質: LBSnn
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Phosphosphingolipid スフィンゴリン脂質: LBSPP
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Table 1. Classification by the Number of Sugars
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Polysaccharide Chain
Table 1. Glycosphingolipids and Phosphosphingolipids
Glycosphingolipids (Abbr. Z = Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer)
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Ganglio [Gg] (??) GalNAcβ1-4R
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Lacto [Lc] (??) GlcNAcβ1-3R
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Globo [Gb] (??) Galα1-4R
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Root [R] (??) derivatives of R
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3rd saccharide
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Lacto? GlcNAcβ1-3 R
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Lacto Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3 R
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Neolacto Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3 R
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3rd saccharide
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[Galα1-3]n Galα1-4 R
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Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-3 Galα1-4 R
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GlcNAcβ1-6GalNAcβ1-3 Galα1-4 R
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GalNAcβ1-3 Galα1-4 R
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structure
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hemato SAs (GM3,GD3,GT3)
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Isoganglio [IG] (??) GalNAcβ1-3R
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Lacto with β1-6 [L6] (??) GlcNAcβ1-6R
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Isoglobo [IB] (??) Galα1-3R
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Lactoganglio [LG]
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Isogloboganglio [BG]
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Table 1. Glycosphingolipids and Phosphosphingolipids
Glycosphingolipids without ROOT
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Glc-Cer (??) Glcβ1-Cer
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Gal-Cer (??) Galβ1-Cer
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2nd saccharide
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Glc-Cer Glcβ1-Cer
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Arthro GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Mollu Manα1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Muco Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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2nd saccharide
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Gala Galα1-4(6)Galβ1-Cer
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??? Galβ1-4(6)Galβ1-Cer
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Spirometo Galβ1-4Glcβ1-3Galβ1-Cer
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NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-Cer
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Phospho (??) Ino-P-Cer
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Others (??)
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Subcategories
This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.