Sphingolipid
Class Overview
Sphingosine & Ceramide
Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol). Sphingosine is further acylated to form ceramide, an important component of cell membranes.
The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in this database includes glycosphingolipid, phosphosphingolipid, and ceramide.
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スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。
スフィンゴシンがアシル化したものが、細胞膜の重要な成分であるセラミドです。
このデータベースにおけるスフィンゴ脂質カテゴリー (LBS) には、スフィンゴ糖脂質 (glycosphingolipid)、スフィンゴリン脂質 (phosphosphingolipid) 、セラミド (ceramide) が含まれています。
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Abbreviations
Sugar Abbreviations (Ex. Glc → glucose)
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Cer |
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ceramides |
セラミド
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Sph |
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sphingosine |
スフィンゴシン
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Glc |
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glucose |
グルコース
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Gal |
|
galactose |
ガラクトース
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GlcNAc |
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N-acetyl-glucosamine |
N-アセチルグルコサミン
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GalNAc |
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N-acetyl-galactosamine |
N-アセチルガラクトサミン
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GlcN |
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glucosamine |
グルコサミン
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GalN |
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galactosamine |
ガラクトサミン
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GlcA |
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glucuronic acid |
グルクロン酸
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GalN |
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galacturonic acid |
ガラクツロン酸
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Man |
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mannose |
マンノース
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Rha |
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rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose) |
ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース)
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Ins |
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inositol |
イノシトール
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Fuc |
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fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose) |
フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース)
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Ara |
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arabinose |
アラビノース
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Xyl |
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xylose |
キシロース
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NeuAc |
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N-acetyl-neuraminic acid |
N-アセチルノイラミン酸
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NeuGc |
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N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid |
N-グリコリルノイラミン酸
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NeuNH |
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(deacetyl) neuraminic acid (pyruvate + mannosamine) |
ノイラミン酸 (ピルビン酸+マンノサミン)
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KDN |
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2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero- D-galacto-nononic acid |
KDN
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Modifiers
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AEPn |
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(2-Aminoethyl-)hydroxyphosphoryl |
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MAEPn |
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(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl-)hydroxyphosphoryl |
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EtnP |
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2-Aminoethanolphospho |
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MAEPr |
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(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl-)phosphoryl |
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HPO3 |
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Phosphono |
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HSO3 |
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Sulfono |
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2C=CH |
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Ethyl |
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PC |
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Phosphocholine |
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Page/ID Design for Sphingolipid
L
| B
| S
| s1
| s2
| s3
| n1
| n2
| y
| c
| c1
| c2
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- s1 ∼ s3 ... Structure code (3 digits)
- Explained below
- n1, n2 ... the number of sugars (2 digits)
- y ... the number of sialic acids ( 1 digit)
- c ... ceramide identification (1 digit)
- c1, c2 ... serial numbers
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- 下に詳述
- n1, n2 ... 糖の数 (2桁)
- y ... シアル酸の数 (1桁)
- c ... セラミドの同定 (1桁)
- c1, c2 ... 通し番号
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Structure Code
code
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Galactose
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0
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no sugar
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1
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Galactose (α form)
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Galα1-3 ...
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2 |
Galα1-4 ...
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3 |
Galα1-6 ...
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4
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Galactose (β form)
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Galβ1-3 ...
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5 |
Galβ1-4 ...
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6 |
Galβ1-6 ...
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code
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N-Acetylated Sugars
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7
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N-Acetyl Galactosamine (β form)
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GalNAcβ1-3 ...
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8 |
GalNAcβ1-4 ...
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9 |
GalNAcβ1-6 ...
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A
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N-Acetyl Glucosamine (β form)
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GlcNAcβ1-3 ...
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B
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GlcNAcβ1-4 ...
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C
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GlcNAcβ1-6 ...
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code
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Galactose & Glucose
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D
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Aminated Sugars (Except for Code 7∼C)
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GalNAc, GalN
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E |
GlcNAc, GlcN
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F
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Galactose (Except Code 1∼6)
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Gal
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G
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Glucose
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Glc
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code
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Other Sugars
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J |
Inositol (Ins)
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K |
Fucose (Fuc)
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L |
Pentose sugars (Ara, Xyl)
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M |
Mannose and Rhamnose (= 6-deoxymannose) (Man, Rha)
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N |
Neuraminic acids (NeuAc, NeuNH, NeuGc, KDN)
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code
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Modifiers
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P |
Phosphate (HPO3), Sulphate (HSO3), and Phosphocholine (PC)
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Q |
Aminoethylphosphates AEPn, MAEPr, EtnP
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R |
O-Alkyl and O-acyl groups OAc, CH3, 2C=CH
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code
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Abbreviations
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Y |
GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer
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Z |
Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1bCer
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NOTE
- Most common patterns
- GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4-Glcβ1-Cer:Ganglio series ... over 110 molecules
- GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4-Glcβ1-Cer:Lacto or Neolacto series ... over 170 molecules
- Neuraminic acid + Galβ1-4-Glcβ1-Cer:??... over 50 molecules
- GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer:Arthro series ... over 50 molecules
- Digits
"I" and "O" are not used to avoid confusion with "1" or "0".
Polysaccharide Chain
Table 1. Common Categories
Common Name |
Sequence |
LipidBank ID
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By GalCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.62)
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Gala
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0
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Galα1-4Galβ1-Cer
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Spirometo
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0
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Galβ1-4Glcβ1-3Galβ1-Cer
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By GlcCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.80)
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Ganglio
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0
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GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Isoganglio
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0
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GalNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Globo
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0
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Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Isoglobo
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0
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Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Lacto
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0
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Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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NeoLacto
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0
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Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Muco
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0
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Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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With Mannose
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Arthro
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0
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GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Mollu
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0
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Manα1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer
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Classification
By the Number of Sugars 糖の個数
For glycosphingolipid, 2 digits following LBS stand for the number of attached sugars. For phosphosphingolipid, the code of phosphorylation, PP.
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スフィンゴ糖脂質は結合している糖の総数をLBSに続く2桁の数字で、スフィンゴリン脂質は数字の代わりにリン酸化修飾を示す記号PPで分類しています。
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Sphingolipid Overview
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Glycosphingolipid スフィンゴ糖脂質: LBSnn
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Phosphosphingolipid スフィンゴリン脂質: LBSPP
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Table 1. Classification by the Number of Sugars
(41 pages)
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(49 pages)
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(95 pages)
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(111 pages)
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(124 pages)
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(102 pages)
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(84 pages)
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(57 pages)
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(35 pages)
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(18 pages)
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(10 pages)
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(10 pages)
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(0 pages)
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(5 pages)
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(4 pages)
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(1 pages)
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(0 pages)
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(1 pages)
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(0 pages)
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(3 pages)
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(0 pages)
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(1 pages)
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(1 pages)
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(0 pages)
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Subcategories
This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.