Category:LBS: Difference between revisions
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==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質の歴史|History of Sphingolipids}}=== | ==={{Bilingual|スフィンゴ脂質の歴史|History of Sphingolipids}}=== | ||
{{Twocolumn| | {{Twocolumn| | ||
Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.<ref>Thudichum J.L.W. | Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.<ref>Thudichum J.L.W.?"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Balliere" Tindall and Cox, London,?1884</ref> The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. | ||
Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.<ref>Gault CR, | Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.<ref>Gault CR,?Obeid LM,?Hannun YA "An overview of sphingolipid synthesis to breakdown" Adv Exp Med Biol.?2010;688:1-23. PMID 20919643</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。 | スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。 | ||
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{| style="width:100%;" | {| style="width:100%;" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer|Gala / Neogala]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4?6?Galb1-Cer|Gala / Neogala]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4/6Galb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"|[[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer|Spirometo]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"|[[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer|Spirometo]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-3Galb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Ganglio]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Ganglio]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoganglio]]<ref name="iso">In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.</ref> | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoganglio]]<ref name="iso">In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.</ref> | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*GlcNAcb1-3\(.*GalNAcb1-4\)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lactoganglio]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*GlcNAcb1-3\(.*GalNAcb1-4\)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lactoganglio]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3(GalNAcb1-4)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|a-series]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|a-series]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|b-series]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|b-series]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|c-series]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3\)?Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|c-series]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3)Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|α-series]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|α-series]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|...(NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|β-series]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Structure.*\(?NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6\)?GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|β-series]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|...(NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-6)GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lacto]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Lacto]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Neolacto]]<ref name="neo">In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.</ref> | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gal.1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Neolacto]]<ref name="neo">In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.</ref> | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Globo]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Globo]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoglobo]]<ref name="iso"/> | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Isoglobo]]<ref name="iso"/> | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-3Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| style="width:100%" | {| style="width:100%" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Muco]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Muco]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Galb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| style="width:100%" | {| style="width:100%" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Arthro]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Arthro]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Mollu]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer|Mollu]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Mana1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| style="width:100%" | {| style="width:100%" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Neu(A~G)c.2-6Glcb1-Cer|Echino]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Neu(A~G)c.2-6Glcb1-Cer|Echino]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| <font color=purple>'''NeuGc'''</font> or {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| <font color=purple>'''NeuGc'''</font> or {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|NeuAca2-6Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| style="width:100%" | {| style="width:100%" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer|Schisto]]<ref>Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932</ref> | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GalNAc.1-4Glc.1-Cer|Schisto]]<ref>Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932</ref> | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4Glcb1-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{|style="width:100%" | {|style="width:100%" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GlcN.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Protozoa & Fungi-specific]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GlcN.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Protozoa & Fungi-specific]] | ||
| style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | | style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{|style="width:100%" | {|style="width:100%" | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GlcA.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Plant-specific]] | |style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*GlcA.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Plant-specific]] | ||
|style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | |style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcAa/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| style="width:100%" | {| style="width:100%" | ||
| style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Man.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Fungi-specific]] | | style="border:0;text-align:left"| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBS|Mainchain.*Man.1-.Ins-P-Cer|Fungi-specific]] | ||
| style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{LBS | | style="border:0;text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Mana/b1-2/6Ins1-P-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSP5|'''P5''']] <br/> ({{#countTitle:LBSP5}} items) | | [[Volatile:ListMol/LBStitle|LBSP5|'''P5''']] <br/> ({{#countTitle:LBSP5}} items) | ||
| style="text-align:right"| Others | | style="text-align:right"| Others | ||
| style="text-align:right"| {{LBS | | style="text-align:right"| {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Ins1-P-Cer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| '''1''' | | '''1''' | ||
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(α form) | |rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(α form) | ||
| {{LBS | | {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-3 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''2''' || {{LBS | | '''2''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-4 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''3''' || {{LBS | | '''3''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Gala1-6 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''4''' | | '''4''' | ||
|rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(β form) | |rowspan="3"| <b>Galactose</b><br/>(β form) | ||
| {{LBS | | {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-3 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''5''' || {{LBS | | '''5''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''6''' || {{LBS | | '''6''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-6 ...}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| | ||
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| '''7''' | | '''7''' | ||
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Galactosamine</b><br/>(β form) | |rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Galactosamine</b><br/>(β form) | ||
| {{LBS | | {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-3 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''8''' || {{LBS | | '''8''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-4 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''9''' || {{LBS | | '''9''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAcb1-6 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''A''' | | '''A''' | ||
|rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Glucosamine</b><br/>(β form) | |rowspan="3"| <b>''N''-Acetyl Glucosamine</b><br/>(β form) | ||
| {{LBS | | {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''B''' | | '''B''' | ||
| {{LBS | | {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-4 ...}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''C''' | | '''C''' | ||
| {{LBS | | {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-6 ...}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| '''D''' | | '''D''' | ||
|rowspan="2"| <b>Aminated Sugars</b><br/>(Except for Code 7∼C) | |rowspan="2"| <b>Aminated Sugars</b><br/>(Except for Code 7∼C) | ||
| {{LBS | | {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GalNAc, GalN}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''E''' || {{LBS | | '''E''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAc, GlcN}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''F''' | | '''F''' | ||
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!colspan="2"| Abbreviations | !colspan="2"| Abbreviations | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Y''' || {{LBS | | '''Y''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|GlcNAcb1-3Manb1-4Glcb1-1Cer}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Z''' || {{LBS | | '''Z''' || {{#invoke:LBS|FormatSugar|Galb1-4Glcb1-1bCer}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 02:02, 28 January 2023
Sphingolipid
Upper classes: LB
Class Overview
Three Sphingolipid categories (LBS) exist in this database. |
このデータベースではスフィンゴ脂質を以下に分けています。 |
Ceramide
セラミド |
Glycosphingolipid
スフィンゴ糖脂質 |
Phosphosphingolipid
スフィンゴリン脂質 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History of Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure.[1] The basic structure is a long-chain base (long-chain amino-alcohol) whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides. Sphingolipid consists of phospho-sphingolipid and glyco-sphingolipid, whose ceramide structure is bonded with phosphate and (oligo)saccharides, respectively. Phosphosphingolipid includes sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipid, cerebrosides and gangliosides. Both are abundant in neural tissues.[2] |
スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。 スフィンゴ脂質はセラミドにリン酸が結合したスフィンゴリン脂質と糖が結合したスフィンゴ糖脂質に分けられます。スフィンゴリン脂質にはスフィンゴミエリンが、スフィンゴ糖脂質にはセレブロシドやガングリオシドなどが含まれ、いずれも神経系に多く存在します。 |
Sphingolipid
Notation
Page/ID-Code Design
Major series of phosphosphingolipids are determined by molecules bound to their phosphates, and the series of glycosphingolipids are determined by oligosaccharides bound to their ceramides. The IUPAC series of glycosphingolipids (1977) were based on the order and bonding patterns of four sugars rooting at the long-chain base. Our series, however, are based on three sugars. Two original series, Echino and Schisto, are also added. |
スフィンゴリン脂質はリン酸に結合する分子や糖の種類、スフィンゴ糖脂質はセラミドに結合する糖鎖により系列を作成しています。1977年にIUPACが提唱したスフィンゴ糖脂質の系列は、長鎖塩基に結合する四糖の並びと結合を基準にしています。ここではより広い糖鎖の系列を検索できるよう、三糖を基準に分類しています。また新たにEchinoとSchistoの系列を加えています。 |
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First (s1) Digit for Glycosphingolipid
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 In IUPAC, "iso" refers to a change from position 4 to position 3.
- ↑ In IUPAC, "neo" refers to a change from position 3 to position 4.
- ↑ Makaaru CK, Damian RT, Smith DF, Cummings RD. "The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes a novel type of glycosphingolipid" J Biol Chem 1992 267:2251-2257 PMID 1733932
First (s1) Digit for Phosphosphingolipid
First sugar | Code | Root sequence | Major Series | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Sugar Attached | P1 (LBSP) | R-P-Cer | Sphingomyelin and Ceramide phosphoetanolamine (Visit this page.) | ||
starting with Inositol |
LBSP2|P2 (29 items) |
GlcNα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer |
| ||
LBSP3|P3 (10 items) |
GlcAα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer |
| |||
LBSP4|P4 (52 items) |
Manα/β1−2/6Ins1-P-Cer |
| |||
LBSP5|P5 (21 items) |
Others | Ins1-P-Cer |
Second (s2) Digit
Click to see the full list. For abbreviations, see #Notation.
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Biosynthesis
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