Category:LBS: Difference between revisions
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<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''s1''</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''s1''</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''s2''</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''s2''</big>
<td style="background-color:Blue; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''s3''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''n1''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''n1''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''n2''</big>
<td style="background-color:tomato; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''n2''</big>
<td style="background-color:tan; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''d''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
<td style="background-color:firebrick; color:white" width=15px align="center"><big>''y''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c1''</big>
<td style="background-color:white;" width=15px align="center"><big>''c1''</big>
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</center>
</center>
{{Twocolumn|
{{Twocolumn|
* '''s1 &sim; s3''' ... Structure code (3 digits)
* '''s1 &sim; s3''' ... Structure code (2 digits)
: Explained below
: Explained below
* '''n1, n2''' ... the number of sugars (2 digits)
* '''n1, n2''' ... the number of sugars (2 digits)
* '''d''' ... distribution ('''V'''ertebrate; '''I'''nvertebrate; '''N''' both; '''P'''lant; '''C'''hemical synthesis) (1 digit)
* '''y''' ... the number of sialic acids ( 1 digit)
* '''y''' ... the number of sialic acids ( 1 digit)
* '''c1, c2''' ... serial numbers
* '''c1, c2''' ... serial numbers
|
|
* '''s1 &sim; s3''' ... 構造コード (3桁）
* '''s1 &sim; s3''' ... 構造コード (2桁）
:下に詳述
:下に詳述
* '''n1, n2''' ... 糖の数 (2桁)
* '''n1, n2''' ... 糖の数 (2桁)
* '''d''' ... 分布 (V 脊椎; I 無脊椎; N 両方; P 植物; C 合成品)  (1桁)
* '''y''' ... シアル酸の数 (1桁)
* '''y''' ... シアル酸の数 (1桁)
* '''c1, c2''' ... 通し番号
* '''c1, c2''' ... 通し番号
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==={{Bilingual|構造コード表|Structure Code}}===
==={{Bilingual|構造コード表|Structure Code}}===
{|
|
; 1st Digit
{| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
! 0
| galactosyl ceramide
|style="text-align:right"| Gal<sub>&alpha;/&beta;</sub>&minus;Gal<sub>&alpha;/&beta;</sub>&minus;Cer
|-
! colspan="3" | glucosyl ceramide
|-
! 1
| Globo & Isoglobo
|style="text-align:right"| GalNAc<sub>&beta;&minus;3</sub> Gal<sub>&alpha;&minus;3/4</sub> Gal<sub>&beta;1&minus;4</sub> Glc<sub>&beta;&minus;</sub> Cer
|-
! 2
| Lacto, Neolacto & Isoneolacto
| style="text-align:right"| Gal<sub>&beta;&minus;3/4</sub> GlcNAc<sub>&beta;/&alpha;&minus;3</sub> Gal<sub>&beta;&minus;4</sub> Glc<sub>&beta;&minus;</sub> Cer
|-
! 3
| Ganglio & Isoganglio
| style="text-align:right"| Gal<sub>&beta;&minus;3</sub> GalNAc<sub>&beta;&minus;3/4</sub> Gal<sub>&beta;&minus;4</sub> Glc<sub>&beta;&minus;</sub> Cer
|-
! 4
| Other hematosides
| style="text-align:right"| Gal<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;</sub> Glc<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;</sub> Cer
|-
! 5
| Arthro & Mollu
|  style="text-align:right"| Man<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;4</sub> Glc<sub>&beta;&minus;</sub> Cer
|-
! 6
| Echino
| style="text-align:right"| NeuAc or NeuGc<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;6</sub> Glc<sub>&beta;&minus;</sub> Cer
|-
! 7
| Plathy
| style="text-align:right"| GalNAc<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;4</sub> Glc<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;</sub> Cer
|-
! colspan="3" | GIPC
|-
! 8
| Glucose type
| style="text-align:right"| Glc or GlcA or GlcN<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;</sub> Ins-P &minus; Cer
|-
! 9
| Mannose type
| style="text-align:right"| Man<sub>&alpha;/&beta;&minus;</sub> Ins-P &minus; Cer
|}
|
;2nd Digit
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! A
| Ara
! I
| Ins
|-
! B
| Gal
! K
| Fuc
|-
! C
| Glc
! X
| Xyl
|-
! D
| GalNAc
! M
| Man
|-
! E
| GlcNAc
! N
| NeuAc / NeuGc
|-
! F
| GalN
! P
| HPO3
|-
! G
| GlcN
! S
| HSO3/OSO4
|-
! H
| GalA
! Q
| AEP, EtnP, phosphoCholine
|-
! J
| GlcA
! R
| alkyl chain
|}
|}
<!---
{|
{|
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
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|}
|}
|}
|}


==={{Bilingual|よく知られたパターン|Common Patterns}}===
==={{Bilingual|よく知られたパターン|Common Patterns}}===
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| 8 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V8|LBS.....V8}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I8|LBS.....I8}}
| 8 || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....V8|LBS.....V8}} || {{MapLink|ListMol|LBS.....I8|LBS.....I8}}
|}
|}
--->

Revision as of 06:46, 8 August 2014

Sphingolipid


Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes glycosphingolipid and phosphosphingolipid.

Sphingolipid Overview

Glyco-sphingolipid
スフィンゴ糖脂質
LBSnn.png

Phospho-sphingolipid
スフィンゴリン脂質
LBSPP.png

Sphingosine & Ceramide

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure. The name "sphingo" comes from the Greek word sphingein for holding tight. (The Sphinx also comes from this word root. See the Wikipedia article in English., as well as sphincter muscle.) The basic structure is a long-chain base, usually sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol), whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。スフィンゴという名前はギリシャ語の sphingein に由来しており、「固く縛る」という意味です。（スフィンクスの語源も之に同じで、括約筋のことを英語で sphincter muscle といいます。）基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール、通常はスフィンゴシン) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。

Ceramides with the sphingosine base are prevalent as membrane components of eukaryotic cells. Those with the phytosphingosine base localize in particular organs such as small intestines. Sphingomyelin is a ceramide with phosphocholine.

スフィンゴシンをもつセラミドは細胞組織の膜成分として普遍的に存在します。その他にも臓器特異的にフィトスフィンゴシンを含むセラミドが知られています。セラミドにホスフォコリンがついたものが有名なスフィンゴミエリンです。



Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond.

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。

Glycosphingolipid スフィンゴ糖脂質

Common Abbreviations

Page/ID Design for Sphingolipid

L B S s1 s2 n1 n2 y c1 c2

  • s1 ∼ s3 ... Structure code (2 digits)
Explained below
  • n1, n2 ... the number of sugars (2 digits)
  • y ... the number of sialic acids ( 1 digit)
  • c1, c2 ... serial numbers

  • s1 ∼ s3 ... 構造コード (2桁）
下に詳述
  • n1, n2 ... 糖の数 (2桁)
  • y ... シアル酸の数 (1桁)
  • c1, c2 ... 通し番号

Structure Code

1st Digit
0 galactosyl ceramide Galα/β−Galα/β−Cer
glucosyl ceramide
1 Globo & Isoglobo GalNAcβ−3 Galα−3/4 Galβ1−4 Glcβ− Cer
2 Lacto, Neolacto & Isoneolacto Galβ−3/4 GlcNAcβ/α−3 Galβ−4 Glcβ− Cer
3 Ganglio & Isoganglio Galβ−3 GalNAcβ−3/4 Galβ−4 Glcβ− Cer
4 Other hematosides Galα/β− Glcα/β− Cer
5 Arthro & Mollu Manα/β−4 Glcβ− Cer
6 Echino NeuAc or NeuGcα/β−6 Glcβ− Cer
7 Plathy GalNAcα/β−4 Glcα/β− Cer
GIPC
8 Glucose type Glc or GlcA or GlcNα/β− Ins-P − Cer
9 Mannose type Manα/β− Ins-P − Cer
2nd Digit
A Ara I Ins
B Gal K Fuc
C Glc X Xyl
D GalNAc M Man
E GlcNAc N NeuAc / NeuGc
F GalN P HPO3
G GlcN S HSO3/OSO4
H GalA Q AEP, EtnP, phosphoCholine
J GlcA R alkyl chain


Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

L

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