Category:LBS: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:29, 20 November 2014

Sphingolipid

Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes glycosphingolipid and phosphosphingolipid.

Sphingolipid Overview
Glyco-sphingolipid (including its lyso form) スフィンゴ糖脂質 (リゾ体を含む)	Phospho-sphingolipid (including glycosyl phosphoinositolceramide or GIPC) スフィンゴリン脂質 (GIPC含む)

Sphingosine & Ceramide

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure. The name "sphingo" comes from the Greek word sphingein for holding tight. (The Sphinx also comes from this word root. See the Wikipedia article in English., as well as sphincter muscle.) The basic structure is a long-chain base, usually sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol), whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。スフィンゴという名前はギリシャ語の sphingein に由来しており、「固く縛る」という意味です。（スフィンクスの語源も之に同じで、括約筋のことを英語で sphincter muscle といいます。）基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール、通常はスフィンゴシン) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。

Ceramides with the sphingosine base are prevalent as membrane components of eukaryotic cells. Those with the phytosphingosine base localize in particular organs such as small intestines. Sphingomyelin is a ceramide with phosphocholine.

スフィンゴシンをもつセラミドは細胞組織の膜成分として普遍的に存在します。その他にも臓器特異的にフィトスフィンゴシンを含むセラミドが知られています。セラミドにホスフォコリンがついたものが有名なスフィンゴミエリンです。

Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond.

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。

Sphingolipid スフィンゴ脂質

Common Abbreviations

Sugar Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose)
Cer	ceramide	セラミド
Sph	sphingosine	スフィンゴシン
Glc	glucose	グルコース
Gal	galactose	ガラクトース
GlcNAc	N-acetyl-glucosamine	N-アセチルグルコサミン
GalNAc	N-acetyl-galactosamine	N-アセチルガラクトサミン
GlcN	glucosamine	グルコサミン
GalN	galactosamine	ガラクトサミン
GlcA	glucuronic acid	グルクロン酸
GalA	galacturonic acid	ガラクツロン酸
Man	mannose	マンノース
Rha	rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose)	ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース)
Ins	inositol	イノシトール
Fuc	fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose)	フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース)
Ara	arabinose	アラビノース
Xyl	xylose	キシロース
NeuNH	(deacetyl) neuraminic acid (pyruvate + mannosamine)	ノイラミン酸 (ピルビン酸＋マンノサミン)
NeuAc	N-acetyl-neuraminic acid	N-アセチルノイラミン酸
NeuGc	N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid	N-グリコリルノイラミン酸
KDN	2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero- D-galacto-nononic acid	デアミノノイラミン酸
Modifiers
AEPn	(2-Aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphonic acid
EtnP	phosphoethanolamine
MAEPn	(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphonic acid
PC	Phosphocholine
CH3CH2CH=CH	Butenyl
Me	Methyl
Et	Ethyl

Page/ID Classification

L

B

S

G/P

s1

s2

n1

n2

y

c1

c2

G/P	G (glyco)	P (phospho)
s1, s2	structure code as explained below
n1, n2	number of sugars (2 digits)
y	~~N (neutral), A (acidic), B (basic), or M (amphoteric)~~
c1, c2	serial numbers

Structure Code

First Code for Glycosphingolipid

First sugar

Code

Sequence

Common Name

Galactose

G1

Gal-Cer

(0 pages)
Gal_α1−4/6Gal_β1−1Cer
(0 pages)
Gal_β1−4Glc_β1−3Gal_β1−1Cer

Glucose

G2

GalNAc_β-Gal_β-Glc_β-Cer

(0 pages)
GalNAc_β1−4 Gal_β1−4 Glc_β1−1 Cer
(0 pages)
GalNAc_β1−3 Gal_β1−4 Glc_β1−1 Cer
(0 pages)

GalNAc_β1-4

GlcNAc_β1/³

Gal_β1−4 Glc_β1−1 Cer

G3

GlcNAc_α/β Gal_β Glc_β Cer

(0 pages)
GlcNAc_β−3Gal_β−4 Glc_β− Cer
(0 pages)
Gal_β−4GlcNAc_β−3Gal_β−4Glc_β−Cer
Isoneolacto

G4

Gal_α Gal_β Glc_β Cer

(0 pages)
Gal_α−4 Gal_β−4 Glc_β− Cer
(0 pages)
Gal_α−3 Gal_β−4 Glc_β− Cer

G5

Gal_α/β Glc_α/β Cer
(Except G2∼G4)

(0 pages)
Gal_β−4 Gal_β−4 Glc_β− Cer

G6

Man_α/β Glc_β Cer

(0 pages)
GlcNAc_β−3Man_β−4 Glc_β− Cer
(0 pages)
Man_α−3Man_β−4 Glc_β− Cer

G7

NeuAc or NeuGc_α/β Glc_β Cer

(0 pages)
NeuAc or NeuGc₋₆ Glc_β− Cer

G8

GalNAc_α/β Glc_α/β Cer

(0 pages)
GalNAc_α/β−4 Glc_α/β− Cer

Others

G(A∼Z)

Symbols follow the 2nd-digit table.

First Code for Glycosphingolipid

First sugar	Code	Common Name	Sequence
No Sugar	P1	Sphingomyelin	P-Cer
Inositol	P2	~~Protozoan~~ GIPC	GlcN_β/α−2/6Ins₋P-Cer
	P3	~~Plant~~ GIPC	GlcA_β/α−2/6Ins₋P-Cer
	P4	~~Fungal~~ GIPC	Man_{β/α−1/2/4/6}Ins₋P-Cer
	P5	Others	Ins₋P-Cer

Second Code for subsequent sugars

Code	Structure
A	Glc
B	Gal
C	GlcNAc
D	GalNAc
E	GlcN
F	GalN
G	GlcA
H	GalA

Code	Structure
J	Man
K	Rha
L	Ins
M	Fuc
N	Ara
P	Xyl
Q	NeuAc/NeuGc/NeuNH/KDN

Code	Structure
S	phosphate
T	AEPn, EtnP, MAEPr, PC
U	sulfate
V	acyl/alkyl/alkenyl chain

Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

L

@@ Line 164: / Line 164: @@
 </center>
-==={{Bilingual|構造コード表|Structure Code}}===
+=={{Bilingual|構造コード|Structure Code}}==
 <table><tr align="top">
 <td>
-'''First Code for Glycosphingolipid'''
+===First Code for Glycosphingolipid===
 {| class="wikitable" align="right"
 ! First sugar || Code || Sequence || Common Name
@@ Line 185: / Line 185: @@
 |
 {| style="background:#f9f9f9" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
-|GalNAc<sub>&beta;1&minus;4</sub>
+|GalNAc<sub>&beta;1-4</sub>
 |-
-|GlcNAc<sub>&beta;1&minus;3</sub>
+|GlcNAc<sub>&beta;1</sub>/<sup>3</sup>
 |}
 |Gal<sub>&beta;1&minus;4</sub> Glc<sub>&beta;1&minus;1</sub> Cer</td></tr>
@@ Line 222: / Line 222: @@
 </td>
 <td valign="top">
-'''First Code for Phosphosphingolipid'''
+===First Code for Glycosphingolipid===
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! First sugar || Code || Common Name || Sequence
@@ Line 250: / Line 250: @@
 </td>
 </tr></table>
 ===Second Code for subsequent sugars===

Category:LBS: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:29, 20 November 2014

Contents

Class Overview

Sphingosine & Ceramide

Biosynthesis

Sphingolipid スフィンゴ脂質

Common Abbreviations

Page/ID Classification

Structure Code

First Code for Glycosphingolipid

First Code for Glycosphingolipid

Second Code for subsequent sugars

Subcategories

L

Navigation

Tools