Category:LBS

Sphingolipid

Upper classes: LB

Class Overview

The Sphingolipid category (LBS) in the database includes glycosphingolipid and phosphosphingolipid.

Sphingolipid Overview
Glyco-sphingolipid スフィンゴ糖脂質	Phospho-sphingolipid スフィンゴリン脂質

Sphingosine & Ceramide

Sphingolipids were first isolated from brain by J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) as lipids of unknown function and structure. The name "sphingo" comes from the Greek word sphingein for holding tight. (The Sphinx also comes from this word root. See the Wikipedia article in English., as well as sphincter muscle.) The basic structure is a long-chain base, usually sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol), whose amino-group is acylated with a long-chain fatty acid. This hydrophobic structure is called ceramides.

スフィンゴ脂質は J.L.W. Thudichum (1829-1901) により機能や構造未知の脂質として脳から見いだされました。スフィンゴという名前はギリシャ語の sphingein に由来しており、「固く縛る」という意味です。（スフィンクスの語源も之に同じで、括約筋のことを英語で sphincter muscle といいます。）基本骨格は長鎖塩基 (長鎖アミノアルコール、通常はスフィンゴシン) のアミノ基が長鎖脂肪酸とアミド結合したもので、セラミドと呼ばれます。

Ceramides with the sphingosine base are prevalent as membrane components of eukaryotic cells. Those with the phytosphingosine base localize in particular organs such as small intestines. Sphingomyelin is a ceramide with phosphocholine.

スフィンゴシンをもつセラミドは細胞組織の膜成分として普遍的に存在します。その他にも臓器特異的にフィトスフィンゴシンを含むセラミドが知られています。セラミドにホスフォコリンがついたものが有名なスフィンゴミエリンです。

Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from decarboxylating condensation of palmitoyl CoA with serine. It is a 18-carbon amino alcohol (16 carbons from palmitic acid and 2 from serine) with one unsaturated bond.

スフィンゴシンはパルミトイルCoAがアミノ酸セリンと脱炭酸縮合して生成します。炭素を18個含むアミノアルコール(16個がパルミチン酸、2個がセリン由来)で不飽和結合を1つ含んでいます (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol)。

Glycosphingolipid スフィンゴ糖脂質

Common Abbreviations

Sugar Abbreviations (e.g. Glc = glucose)
Cer	ceramide	セラミド
Sph	sphingosine	スフィンゴシン
Glc	glucose	グルコース
Gal	galactose	ガラクトース
GlcNAc	N-acetyl-glucosamine	N-アセチルグルコサミン
GalNAc	N-acetyl-galactosamine	N-アセチルガラクトサミン
GlcN	glucosamine	グルコサミン
GalN	galactosamine	ガラクトサミン
GlcA	glucuronic acid	グルクロン酸
GalA	galacturonic acid	ガラクツロン酸
Man	mannose	マンノース
Rha	rhamnose (= 6-deoxy-mannose)	ラムノース (6-デオキシマンノース)
Ins	inositol	イノシトール
Fuc	fucose (= 6-deoxy-galactose)	フコース (6-デオキシガラクトース)
Ara	arabinose	アラビノース
Xyl	xylose	キシロース
NeuNH	(deacetyl) neuraminic acid (pyruvate + mannosamine)	ノイラミン酸 (ピルビン酸＋マンノサミン)
NeuAc	N-acetyl-neuraminic acid	N-アセチルノイラミン酸
NeuGc	N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid	N-グリコリルノイラミン酸
KDN	2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero- D-galacto-nononic acid	デアミノノイラミン酸
Modifiers
AEPn	(2-Aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphoryl
EtnP	2-Aminoethanolphospho
MAEPn	(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl)hydroxyphosphoryl
MAEPr	(N-Methyl-2-aminoethyl)phosphoryl
HPO3	Phosphono
HSO3	Sulfono
PC	Phosphocholine
CH3CH2CH=CH	Butenyl
Me	Methyl
Et	Ethyl

Page/ID Design for Sphingolipid

L

B

S

s1

s2

s3

n1

n2

d

y

c1

c2

s1 ∼ s3 ... Structure code (3 digits)

Explained below

n1, n2 ... the number of sugars (2 digits)
d ... distribution (Vertebrate; Invertebrate; N both; Plant; Chemical synthesis) (1 digit)
y ... the number of sialic acids ( 1 digit)
c1, c2 ... serial numbers

s1 ∼ s3 ... 構造コード (3桁）

下に詳述

n1, n2 ... 糖の数 (2桁)
d ... 分布 (V 脊椎; I 無脊椎; N 両方; P 植物; C 合成品) (1桁)
y ... シアル酸の数 (1桁)
c1, c2 ... 通し番号

Structure Code

code	Galactose
0	no sugar
1	Galactose (α form)	Gal_α1-3 ...
2		Gal_α1-4 ...
3		Gal_α1-6 ...
4	Galactose (β form)	Gal_β1-3 ...
5		Gal_β1-4 ...
6		Gal_β1-6 ...

code	N-Acetylated Sugars
7	N-Acetyl Galactosamine (β form)	GalNAc_β1-3 ...
8		GalNAc_β1-4 ...
9		GalNAc_β1-6 ...
A	N-Acetyl Glucosamine (β form)	GlcNAc_β1-3 ...
B		GlcNAc_β1-4 ...
C		GlcNAc_β1-6 ...

code	Galactose & Glucose
D	Aminated Sugars (Except for Code 7∼C)	GalNAc, GalN
E	Aminated Sugars (Except for Code 7∼C)	GlcNAc, GlcN
F	Galactose (Except Code 1∼6)	Gal
G	Glucose	Glc

code	Other Sugars
J	Inositol (Ins)
K	Fucose (Fuc)
L	Pentose sugars (Ara, Xyl)
M	Mannose and Rhamnose (= 6-deoxymannose) (Man, Rha)
N	Sialic acids (NeuAc, NeuNH, NeuGc, KDN)

code	Modifiers
P	Phosphate (HPO4), Sulphate (HSO4), and Phosphocholine (PC)
Q	Aminoethylphosphates AEPn, MAEPn, MAEPr, EtnP
R	Alkyl and acyl groups OAc, Methyl, Butenyl

code	Abbreviations
Y	GlcNAc_β1-3Man_β1-4Glc_β1-1Cer
Z	Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-1bCer

Common Patterns

Common Name	Records	Sequence
By GalCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.62)
[[Volatile:ListMol?my_1=LBSF%5b23%5d.\|Gala_(Ga)]]	0	Gal_α1-4/6Gal_β1-Cer
Spirometo_(Sp)	0	Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-3Gal_β1-Cer
By GlcCer Synthase (EC 2.4.1.80)
Ganglio_(Gg)	0	GalNAc_β1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
Isoganglio_(iGg)	0	GalNAc_β1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
Globo_(Gb)	0	Gal_α1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
Isoglobo_(iGb)	0	Gal_α1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
Lacto_(Lc)	0	Gal_β1-3GlcNAc_β1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
NeoLacto_(nLc)	0	Gal_β1-4GlcNAc_β1-3Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
Muco_(Mc)	0	Gal_β1-4Gal_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
With Mannose
Arthro_(At)	0	GlcNAc_β1-3Man_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer
Mollu_(Mu)	0	Man_α1-3Man_β1-4Glc_β1-Cer

Classification

By the Number of Sugars

Table 1. Classification by the Number of Sugars
# of sugars	Vertebrate (0 items)	Invertebrate (0 items)
1	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
2	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
3	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
4	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
5	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
6	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
7	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
8	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
9	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
10-19	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
20-29	(0 pages)	(0 pages)

By the Number of Sialic acids

Table 2. Classification by the Number of Sialic acids
# of sialic acids	Vertebrate (0 items)	Invertebrate (0 items)
1	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
2	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
3	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
4	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
5	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
6	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
7	(0 pages)	(0 pages)
8	(0 pages)	(0 pages)

Subcategories

This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

L